Women's Voices in the Pakistan Movement

Before and After -

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LAND, GOLD & WOMEN
Sunday, March 5 at 8 PM ET
Thursday, March 9 at 10 PM ET & 10 PM PT
(see additional airtimes below)

http://www.cbc.ca/correspondent/060305.html

As it has been for centuries, women who are raped in Pakistan are widely considered to have been shamed. Many commit suicide. Most remain silent. Those who do go to the police fear being raped again or even thrown in jail. Recently, however, Pakistani women are fighting back. They are confronting religious conservatives and a series of retrograde laws. They are confronting the police, the army and the Pakistan government. They are confronting an ancient tribal code in which a man is expected to fight to the death for what are considered possessions: ``Zameen, Zar, Zen`` - Land, gold… and women.

Mukhtar Mai was gang-raped on the orders of a tribal council in rural Punjab as a punishment for the actions of her brother. Initially, the local police didn’t pursue the case. It was only after international aid organizations protested that the police finally investigated and arrested the accused rapists. Four years later, Mukhtar Mai is still fighting her case in the Pakistan Supreme Court.

Dr. Shazia Khalid was raped a year ago while working for the Pakistan Petroleum Company in a remote part of Pakistan. While company officials told Shazia to keep quiet, the accused rapist, a Captain in the Pakistani Army, was pronounced not-guilty by the President of Pakistan himself. Eventually, the Pakistani government told Shazia she should leave Pakistan for her own safety. She and her husband were sent to London, England though they had pleaded to be sent to Canada, where they have relatives.
Asma Jahangir, the head of Pakistan`s Human Rights Commission being arrested at a protest.

The documentary will feature interviews with Mukhtar Mai, Shazia Khalid, former Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto, human rights advocate Asma Jahangir, and Pakistan government officials.

Asian American Network Against Abuse of Human Rights - US-based organisation campaigning for human rights in Pakistan. Sponsored a publicity tour in the US by Mukhtar Mai.

Human Rights Commission of Pakistan (non-governmental organisation)

Gen. Musharraf `s Lies - Washington Post editorial on whether President Musharraf said this in an interview:``You must understand the environment in Pakistan. This has become a money-making concern. A lot of people say if you want to go abroad and get a visa for Canada or citizenship and be a millionaire, get yourself raped.`` (October 1, 2005)

Shazia Khalid
Perhaps the most serious recent rape case in Pakistan is that of Shazia Khalid, a 32-year old medical doctor from Karachi. After graduating from medical school, Shazia married her husband, Khalid, an engineer who works in the oil industry.

Shazia was offered a job by the government-run Pakistan Petroleum Limited at a large gas facility in Sui, a remote town in the province of Baluchistan.

She began working in the hospital in Sui, while her husband, Khalid Khwaja was working in Libya.

Shazia was living in a supposedly secure housing complex inside the Sui Gas facility. Security was provided by a branch on the Pakistan Military called the DSG, the Defence Security Guards.

In January 2005, Shazia was alone, sleeping in her apartment, when she was attacked.

``I tried using all my stamina to protect myself and save myself. He used my scarf to blindfold me and he tied up my wrists with the telephone wire. I was helpless, I was completely helpless. Then, he raped me,`` says Shazia. ``The room was completely dark, I couldn`t see anything, I couldn`t understand what was going on. I tried to move, he would hit me whenever I tried to move. He said, `I have a pistol, if you scream, if you try and call someone for help, I will kill you.```

``What was I suppose to do? I was helpless. He said I am not just any common person. Don`t do anything, you stay quiet, you don`t say anything to anybody. And he raped me again.``

Shazia Khalid`s ordeal went on all night. At sunrise, after she was bound and gagged, her attacker departed.

Cover-up

Shazia was able to free herself and get to the hospital at the Pakistan Petroleum Facility. That`s when the cover-up began. She was told by company officials to remain silent.

``They said there is no need to tell anybody anything. If you do, it`s your reputation that you will lose. If you report it to the police, then they`ll push you around. You`ll have to go to court, and you won`t achieve anything. So keep quiet. I was alone. I didn`t know what to do.``

Shazia phoned her husband in Libya. He came home immediately.

Khalid
``I found Shazia running a high temperature, bruises on her legs, her hands were swollen, her nose was swollen, her ears were bruised, very bad situation,`` says Khalid.

He says Shazia couldn`t face him. ``I said it`s not your fault. Why are you feeling guilty? It`s not your fault.``

The Pakistan Defence Security Guards, the DSG, took control of the scene of the crime. They would not allow the police to investigate. Other staff members at the Sui gas facility became concerned about a military cover-up. They informed local politicians that the chief suspect in the rape was a member of the Pakistan Military.

Shahid Bugti
Shahid Bugti of the opposition Jahoori Wattan Party was told the rapist`s name was Captain Hamad.

``Now, he being a captain in the DSG guard, it was part of his duty to take care of the installations as well as all the people living inside the fenced area,`` Bugti says. ``But this was very unfortunate that the person who was supposed to protect the people living in the inside area, happened to be the rapist.``

In the middle of the investigation, there was a very unusual development. General Musharraf, the President of Pakistan, announced that the chief suspect, Captain Hamad, was 100 per cent innocent.

Asma Jahangir
``If the President of the country comes out on television without the investigation being carried out and says that the accused he can assure people is innocent. I believe as a citizen he has no right to say it and if he does, then he is involved in a cover-up,`` Asma Jahangir says.

Shahid Bugti says that once the dictator had spoken, there would be no further investigation of the accused rapist.

``Who would come up with evidence against Hamad and say, `Yes, Hamad is guilty whereas General Musharraf has given him a clean sheet.` So it`s unthinkable over here,`` Bugti says.

The province of Baluchistan, where the Shazia Khalid rape took place, is a fiercely independent tribal society. Many local tribes have their own system of justice and their own honour code. There is also widespread resentment of the Pakistan army here. So when it appeared that the military was covering up the rape of a young doctor by an army captain, the Bugti clan took the law into their own hands. They went off to attack the military contingent at the Sui Gas facility.

``Yes they did fire rockets, they did fire guns, they showed their resentment in the strongest possible way. This is part of their culture,`` Sahid Bugti says. ``They were trying to attack the DSG people who had committed this rape, who were supporting Captain Hamad, and Captain Hamad was in their protection.``

After the attack on the Sui Gas Facility, Pakistani military officials held a press briefing, which portrayed the damage as the result of an unprovoked attack from the Bugti tribesmen.

Attacking the victim

The story of Shazia Khalid`s rape was becoming an embarrassment to members of the Musharraf regime, and so they developed a new strategy. They began attacking the victim.

Stories began appearing in the newspapers claiming that Dr Shazia Khalid was a loose woman, that she wore suggestive clothes and had many male friends. It was even suggested that she was a prostitute.

``What was very disgusting was that they tried to tarnish her character. So the victim of rape has to take that risk as well apart from the other risk that her character is going to be tarnished all the time and the president himself said to one of the editors of the newspaper that if he were to speak of Dr. Shazia, he didn`t want to but he could say a few things too. I mean what kind of an insinuation is that?`` Jahangir says.

Shazia was staying in Karachi with her husband Khalid and her adopted son Adnan when the stories appeared suggesting she was engaged in prostitution.

``I went to the washroom and filled the tub with water. I wanted to commit suicide. Khalid and my son started knocking on the door to find out why I was taking so long. I didn`t answer,`` she says. ``Then Adnan knocked really hard and he said, �Mom if you kill yourself then I will kill myself. Please open the door.` I opened the door.``

Every year, hundreds of Pakistani women who have been raped commit suicide.

The Pakistani government`s next move was to get rid of Dr Shazia Khalid. She says she was ordered to leave the country for her own safety.

``Safety from whom?`` Jahangir asks. ``What safety were they concerned about for Dr. Shazia. Safety from whom? From the Bugtis? But they were on her side. From the military? Well then, this is a strange one, that victims should be whisked out of their country because their safety is in danger and the perpetrators are protected by the government.``

The couple were asked where they would like to go. Because they have relatives in Toronto, they chose Canada.

``My family is there,`` Shazia says, ``My friends are there. We wanted to go somewhere where we had moral support, that`s why we chose Canada. We are highly qualified people, we didn`t want to leave Pakistan.``

Shazia and Khalid were told it would be faster to go to London, England, and that, from there, the Pakistani government would help them reach Canada. But once in London, they were abandoned by their government. Now they are in a legal limbo. They cannot be accepted to Canada as refugees because they are in a safe country, the U.K. They are living on welfare in London and waiting to be admitted to Canada as regular immigrants, which could take a long time.

Back in Pakistan, the government has a new version of events concerning the rape.

Owais Ahmed Ghani
According to the Governor of Baluchistan, Owais Ahmed Ghani, there was no rape.

``There was violence, there was no rape,`` says Ghani. ``We will be placing some evidence for the world, because the world keeps on criticizing us, and Pakistan and the government about this.``

Last September, Pakistan President Pervez Musharraf came to visit the United States on a charm offensive. He wanted to portray himself as a progressive enlightened leader, a voice for moderation in the Muslim World.

President quoted

In an interview with the Washington Post, however, when he was asked about the rape issue, he was quoted as saying, ``This has become a money making concern. A lot of people say if you want to go abroad and get a visa for Canada or citizenship and be a millionaire, get yourself raped.``

Pakistani women immediately hit the streets to protest Musharraf`s remarks.

``Well it was very sad when President Musharraf said that. We all reacted very strongly in Pakistan. I think he made a joker out of himself, which he truly is. If that is the impression that he has of the women in Pakistan, which are 50 per cent of the citizens of that country, you can easily see how much respect he has for his own citizens,`` Jahangir says.

President Musharraf went into immediate damage control. Before a women`s group in New York, he denied having made the comments to the Washington Post. ``Let me say with total sincerity that I never said that, and it has been misquoted. I happened to be where this was being quoted but these are not my words, and I would go to the extent of saying that I am not so silly and stupid to make comments of this sort.``

Unfortunately for the president, the Washington Post recorded his remarks and posted the recording on their website.

General Musharraf`s remarks clearly referred to the case of Shazia Khalid, but she does not wish to debate him. She just wants to get her family into Canada, and begin a new life. She does want to find some way of helping Pakistani women who have undergone experiences similar to her own.

``I didn`t get justice and I`ll regret that for the rest of my life. But I want to be a voice for women who`ve been through similar situations. I think that if I help these women, then I`ll get justice. Then, when they`ll be happy, I will be happy. I will think of them, I will think of them as a reward for me, as a victory for me. Even if one woman gets justice through my voice, I will have won,`` she says.

Mukhtar Mai
The case of Mukhtar Mai is still working its way through the Pakistani courts but most observers believe she will win and her rapists will be punished.

``I believe that Mukhtar Mai may find justice at the end of her case because it has been picked up by the media, by people within the country that are very much looking forward to seeing that this case does receive some kind of justice. But it doesn`t change the legal system unfortunately. I am happy for Mukhtar Mai, but I don`t think that it changes the legal system for the rest of the victims.`` Jahangir says.

Mukhtar Mai has already received a financial compensation package from the Pakistani government which she is putting to good use.

She believes that illiteracy and the lack of formal education is the key to the subjugation of women in Pakistan. Young girls are much less likely to be sent to school by their parents and there are almost twice as many illiterate women as men.

And so, with the help of a grant from the Canadian International Development Agency, Mukhtar Mai has opened a school for girls.

Every morning school begins with a religious song.

In class they are studying to read and write and learning English.

Women like Mukhtar Mai and Shazia Khalid see this as the best hope for Pakistan. They are determined that the lives of these young girls will be much better than their own and that their country can open a new chapter after so many years of women`s oppression.

Re: # 8

Brother Kumar,

Allow kaka to throw a brick of reality at you: almost all chowkies here have comfortable lives and resources to gratify their senses and fullfill their needs. Its just a handful amongst us who pretend to `help the little people` and `make something of themselves`.

For all the news that India is making, most of you Indians - off or on the chowk - will not amount to anything more than you could have done even if India was indeed in the shithole. But, predictably, some Indians like to take pride in associating themselves with a success story even though they might have had little to do with any turn of events. This is their therapy.

Manto and other Pakis on this website, who are no more chutya than any other educated Indian, have been saddled with the embarrassment of a failed state that Pakistan seems to have become. Articles celebrating anything that consoles those hurt senibilities is their therapy.

There is nothing else going on. Have-nots will not (and probably should not) get their circumstances changed by the good wishes and proclamations by jialaas like manto and we are all going to die eventually.

`` It was here that the most famous incident of the Pakistan movement saw a young woman, Fatima Sughra, jump the fence of the Lahore secretariat, climb up onto the top, throw away the British Union Jack and hoist the Muslim League flag up instead.``

Stupid Fatima was all of sixteen years old.

The Muslim Leauge women that day also did a Siapa of Khijar Hayat Khan in front of his Kothi, broke into his house, ransacked the furniture and caused the downfall of Union ministery through threats of violence, something like the modern burning of KFCs today.

From Pakistan Govt.`s worshipful site:

``That was the end of their friendship as Sir Dinshaw never gave in. He forbade Ruttie to meet Jinnah while she lived in his house. The couple patiently waited for two years required for Ruttie to come of age. In February 1918 Ruttie turned 18 and was free to marry. On April 18, 1918 Ruttie converted to Islam at Calcutta`s Jamia Mosque. On April 19, 1918 Jinnah and Ruttie married at a quiet ceremony at Jinnah`s house in Bombay. The Raja Sahib of Muhamdabad and a few friends attended the wedding. The wedding ring that Jinnah presented to Ruttie was a gift from the Raja. Nobody from Ruttie`s family attended the wedding.

The first few years of their marriage were a dream for both of them. They were a head- turning couple; he in his elegant suits, stitched in London, she with her long, flowing hair decked in flowers. There was no limit to their joy and satisfaction at that time. Their only woe was Ruttie`s complete isolation and ostracism from her family.

Jinnah`s political life began to take its toll on his time in 1922. His heavy work schedule did not allow him to spend enough time with his young and vibrant wife. Though she was supportive of his work, the element of his lack of time was taxing for her. She could not lure him away from his work. She was engulfed with feelings of desolation. By September of 1922 she packed her bags and took their only daughter Dina with her to London.

Though her heart was still set on life with Jinnah, she could not accommodate herself to his busy schedule. From London she wrote a letter to her friend Kanji in India in which she said: `And just one thing more - go and see Jinnah and tell me how he is - he has a habit of overworking himself and now that I am not there to tease and bother him, he will be worse than ever .`

When she returned from England, the couple tried to give their marriage another chance, but Jinnah was involved in campaigning for elections as an independent Muslim for the general Bombay seat. Jinnah was to undergo a five-month tour to Europe and North America. He decided to take Ruttie along as an attempt to save their failing marriage. But in this trip the rift grew. There was no chance of reconciliation and in January 1928 the couple separated.

Ruttie lived at the Taj Mahal Hotel in Bombay, almost as a recluse, her health failing drastically. On February 20, 1929, Ruttie Jinnah died. It was her 29th birthday.

She was buried two days later in Bombay according to Muslim rites.``

WHEN DID JINNAH GO TO RUTTTIE``S HOUSE FIRST?
WHAT WAS HAPPENING IN 1922 TO KEEP HIM SO BUSY? WAS HE IN JAIL? WAS HIS LAW PRACTICE IN DECLINE?
HOW WAS JINNAH`S PERFORMANCE IN BED IN 1927? OR DID RUTTIE FIND SOME NEW BENCHMARKS IN ENGLAND?

Sir Dinshaw`s daughter did play a pivotal role in the Pakistan movement but not in the way Manto describes it.

``So too were women like Sarojini Naidu and Ruttie, Jinnah’s wife, who rose to fame as quick-witted Indian Nationalists.``

Since Sarojini Naidu never joined Muslim Leauge, I would like to know what role Ruttie played in transformation of Jinnah. How old was she when Jinnah cast his monocled eye on his friend`s teenaged daughter? To seduce a freind`s daughter Ratana Bai and to reduce her to Ruttie, the act of sexual intercourse, must have demanded all the integrity at Jinnah`s command. Abandoned by her father and family, her husband and his manipulative sister, she suffered and died alone.

I have a feeling if Viagra had been invented at that time, history would have taken a different course.

... women`s voice in pakistan movement does not find the name of begum ra`na liaqat ali khan ...strange...

#4 hamzaad

That was a terrible thing to say.

I have differences with Yasser related to his objectivity on issues and what he (endlessly) repeats regarding his historic individuals but everyone should cheer his dreams. Just because he fails to see the religious bigotry of his idols does not make him a possessor of that attribute.

And I truly do not fault the Pakistani population for their current predicament - only their false messiahs - both civilian and military. And the nature of the problems is quite similar in many parts of both countries. And for all one knows, the population could be equally capable of turning a few surprises, too - and turning things around.

When was the picture taken Manto? Were there any Sikh, Christian, Hindu, Dalit ladies in the national guards of Muslim League or did Jinnah become aware of them only on August 11, 1947?

Interesting essay.

Zia might the brick wall that screwed the women emancipation in Pakistan,( in fact he scewed the entire future the country) but it was your one time hero Zulfy, who put Pakistan on the deep slide, from which it has never recovered.

Zia was only the symptom of the desease ,Zulfy infected Pakistan with in his ambition to become the leader of the Ummah.

Great Muslim leaders of today still follow in great Jinnah`s footsteps.

This timely essay is especially significant in light of the hopeless situation Pakistan is facing in terms of providing its citizens with basic amenities and general order. It keeps spirits high of losers who are struggling to find a meaning in the choices and destinies that they have been saddled with. That is about the only goal worth pursuing.

I always thought Pakistan was a secular Muslim nationalist polity. The move towards Islamic irredentism surprised me. The only external force that will halt this trend is the development of a huge lead by India over Pakistan. It will put an end to any doubts your typical Abdul has towards modernity.

An interesting article - but all it proves is that a LONG time ago, many Muslim women of India tried to overcome their second class status as Muslim women by adopting the cover of Muslim exclusivity (if the Muslim league was a secular party, how many Hindu women members it had?) - somehow it gave them a chance to participate in the ``freedom`` struggle as individuals who were equal to men - which they otherwise had NO chance of attaining, and soon after their ``purpose`` was served - things went back to what they had been - after all, the mindset was still the same.

The article could have more value if, instead of wasting time reminiscing, you had focused on the details of what happened later on. In other words, the content prior to the last two paragraphs should have been condensed into two paragraphs and the last two paragraphs should themselves have been expanded into the bulk of the article!

The picture above is Jinnah with the women`s national guard... which he had constituted... but which was abandoned after his death.