J&K: The Hopes and Despairs of the Peace Process

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What else can be so submissive. In fact, the Pakistan rulers want to tell the Americans that Pakistan did a great job by fighting communism and it was a direct service to the USA. In Pakistan the same people tell the masses that the war against communism is Jihad and it is a service to Islam. Of course their Islam is Almighty America.
But the biggest question is how the people of Pakistan are going to liberate themselves from these bonds that are put on them by their rulers. To sum up the whole situation, the greed of the mercenary military and the civil rulers has pushed the country into a living hell: There is nothing good to record here. All the known evils of the world, from lawlessness, nepotism, drugs, terror and the Ruling Enemies are in Pakistan. What should be the next step?
10, 20, 40, hours
While writing biographics of the Pakistani leaders in his book, PAKISTAN IN CRISES, Ashok Kapur, associates the problems of Pakistan with the corrupt rulers. Since the objective of such literature is to enhance Indian hegemonic designs in the region, it does not touch the issue of the British leftover colonial social system that is the main cause of all evils in the region. The rulers, army and the bureaucracy in India are as rabid as in Pakistan.
THE NEW YORK TIMES published a report of Amnesty International on March 25, 1992 (p.A4):
Hundred Tortured to Death in India, Right Group Says.
London, March 24 (reuters)-Amnesty International charged that hundreds of people in India, including pregnant women and children, had died in recent years from beatings and torture while in custody. The London based human rights group said in a report, its latest on India, that the victims were picked up by the police, illegally detained and tortured for confessions until they died. ``The torture and deaths continue,`` it said ``because police know there`s hardly any chance of the long arms of the law touching them, even if they kill the victim and the truth is revealed.``
Amnesty said successive governments had denied torture took place and had done nothing to stop it. The victims, some as young as 6, nearly all came ` from India`s poor. They included classless people, those from low casts and from ethnic minorities, landless laborers and migrant workers, the report said.
Amnesty charged that many of the victims were suspended from ceilings in jail and given electric shocks or whipped. Others had their legs crushed with heavy rollers, were stabbed with sharp instruments or had chillies inserted in their rectums. Raping of women by police officers is common, particularly in areas of armed insurgency, it added. The report described more than 400 cases. It will be sent to Indian politicians, judges and police officers, among others.
Amnesty said senior officials effectively gave the green light to torture in many instances. It added that police officers systematically covered up torture killings, bribes and threats to witnesses. `Police officers and other who torture people to death,’ it said, `are rarely brought to justice, except when there is extreme public pressure to do so after years of struggle by the families`.
Pakistan and its people are part of this world in this universe. Their nature, manner, development and existence lie within the framework of the material limits. Although Pakistan is facing an astronomical amount of problems, they are not insurmountable.
There is not a single area that is functioning in the right direction. We can divide these problems into primary and secondary problems. Most of these problems are secondary problems and will automatically run on the right track after controlling the primary problems. For instance cheating in the examination system, malpractice at every level in all areas, profiteering etc. are secondary problems. These exist and flourish because there is no law and order. Once law and order is restored, these can easily be curtailed.
The weaknesses of law and order are due to the inherited British founded colonial system that was meant to rob the people. So the whole system of police, courts, bureaucracy, AC, DC, etc. has to go.
People argue that the population explosion is a basic problem. All the progress achieved in a year is consumed up by the expanded population. This is incorrect. The population explosion is the result of the economic structure, ignorance, illiteracy and lack of social securities. This is directly related to economic uplift of the people. Living habits and family planning are greatly affected by progress. population growth in developed countries is well under control without any family planning drive. Likewise there is a huge hue and cry about women`s oppression. Although it is a severe problem it is still a secondary one.
What is/are the primary problem(s)? The answer to this question entirely lies in our objectives in Pakistan. Our objectives in Pakistan are determined by the aspirations of the masses. What do people want? They want an honorable, egalitarian and prosperous life. These things are entirely interrelated.
We know that prosperity comes from the motivation of economic forces in a society. The working class, peasants and other allied forces are mobilized to achieve an economic growth. We have different models in the world. All of these models are essentially drawn from capitalism - bourgeoisie capitalism of the west or the state capitalism of the socialist countries. They all lack one essential thing - egalitarianism.
Honor and respect come only in an egalitarian society. We see extremely rich People in these countries but there are miseries related to the poor people too. This disgrace of poverty destroys the honor of humanity altogether. Hence we need prosperity but not at the exploitation of anyone else. The economic driving force in capitalism is incentive to workers and greed of capitalists. These are creating innumerable problems - from wars to the destruction of the whole ecological system. Capitalism`s greed leads to economic rivalries, cheating, neocolonialism, oppression and the extraordinary exploitation of natural resources. In this respect, we are quickly drying up the natural resources. Pollution and other environmental problems are causing very dangerous ecological and biological changes that may be irreversible.
On the other side, workers are joined in a cut throat competition that results in the destruction of the family system, alienation from each other, apathy, racism, nationalism, depression and finally an animal mechanical society. Our economic driving force should lie in our philosophy of tradition, social, cultural and human values.
So the primary problems are the social order framework that will guide the economic development. Today the development of economic prosperity without science and technology is a dream of mullahs. We have to avoid this stupid nation. Furthermore, we have to develop such a system that also conforms closely to the ecological needs of nature. Pollution related diseases and other environmental problems should be the basic concern of any future planning.
To carry out all these objectives, we need to frame an administrative structure. We do have an administrative structure, but this one is by no means for the development of our country. All economic, social and security plans should be carried out by the people. The existing system in Pakistan, both civil and military bureaucracy, is destined to enslave people and oppress them to serve and work for the ruling class. Without the emancipation of the working class nothing will happen.
In the area hand book, PAKISTAN: A COUNTRY STUDY, it is stated:
The British Raj acted with London in support of British industry and not for the enrichment or modernization of India. For example, all track, locomotive, and mining equipment was designed and shipped from Britain and this made limited technological impacts on India. Most blatant of all, tariff were structured so that the Lancashire cotton mills, having already ruined India`s indigenous hand-weaving cotton industry, were also favored over the new mills established in western India.[48]
In the same study it is stated:
Nonetheless, the ``steel frame`` of colonial administration remains intact. In its contemporary incarnation as an indigenous institution, it comprises the permanent public services, i.e., the vast civil bureaucracy, the police, and the armed forces. This steel frame sustained Pakistan at birth, remained in place through the initial period of socioeconomic development, survived reforms aimed at reducing its power, and moved into a decade of the 1980s confident that it represented the country`s best chance for progress as well as survival. The civil-military bureaucrats, therefore, can not avoid dealing with difficult questions. [49]
This colonial steel frame is in fact a reign of slavery maintained with military and police terror. Such a system is designed to force people into hard labor to extract the maximum profit. The lack of decent working conditions, disrespect for the working class, absence of social and economic benefits, the abundance of corruption, lawlessness, nepotism, inefficient rulers, static and rigid bureaucracy, a traitor army officer class form and all the other known miseries form the foundation of this colonial left over frame.
The great Philosopher, Ibne Khaldun said: ``From these sicknesses no state can recover. Once it has reached this stage it is marked by death.``
No reform could bring any change. The only solution is revolution. After a revolution all these evils can only be removed with the full participation of the poor working class. The mentality and objectives of the present ruling class are the same as of any master. They do not see any problem with the system because the system serves them. They see all the problems with the masses as their British masters used to see them. Rulers want to drive the masses with a stick - the stick of colonialism. If these downtrodden, subjugated can`t move, their future is bloodbath. Whenever you talk to a bureaucrat or an army officer, he wants only hours to fix the people. ` They can`t understand historical materialism. Such things need a revolutionary struggle to change! But our rulers are destined `, to kill us if we can`t throw off this yoke of slavery.
General Rao Farman Ali announced on March 25,1971: ``I will finish the Bengalis in forty hours.`` General Tikka Khan claimed:
``All problems would be solved by a forty-eight hour blood bath.``
Major General Shaukat Raza, divisional commander in Bangladesh told THE SUNDAY TIMES ON June 1971:

``You must be absolutely sure that we have not undertaken such a drastic and expensive operation - expensive both in men and money - for nothing. We have undertaken a job. We are going to finish it, not hand it over half done to the politicians so that they can mess it up again. The army can`t keep coming back like every three or four years. It has a more important task. I assure you that when we have got through with what we are doing there will never be need again for such an operation.``
General Yahya Khan told a correspondent of FIGARO on September 1, 1971:
``What happened in Dacca was no football match. When my soldiers kill, they do it leanly. My army is a professional army, and it is well-trained!``
These are a few of the many such butchering and terrifying statements made by Pakistani generals. They want their orders obeyed by the nation in hours otherwise they think it right to fully restore to military terrorism. The massacres in Bangladesh are history. But a big terror is still hovering over the heads of the masses in Pakistan. The country has been reduced to half by generals but the military has swelled to more than double. We have horrifying ISI. Before generals were reserved to talk about hours and blood baths now junior officers boast to kill anyone because the blood of the Bengali people was never accounted. The accountability of murderers is necessary to stop crime in the future. Justice in this case has never been delivered so the criminals are on the loose.
Emma Duncan, while interviewing a Pakistani Army officer, who served in Zia`s personal guard, wrote about her talk with him:
`Are these leftists a danger?` I meant to sound moronic: I didn`t want him to think he risked an argument.
`Not really. Put me in power and I`d finish them in two days. But the government seems to want to go easy on them.`[36].
In the same book Duncan writes about corruption in Pakistan in her interview with General Zahid Ali Akbar of Wapda:
`` `And in the country?` ``
There is more now. Politicians are more corrupt. There was more still under Bhutto`s government`. At least he was accountable because he was elected. He became a dictator. Maybe you can say that Zia ul Haq.... But I tell you this, I promise you this, if Zia ul Haq goes, there will be martial law again in six months., He pointed at my nose, in imitation of Kitchner poster. `I am a serving Army officer ....`[50]
This clearly shows the tendency of a psychopathic mass murderers` attitude developed in the Pakistan Army. In fact, the army officer class is in direct confrontation with the emancipation of the masses. Another massacre can happen anywhere in Pakistan anytime. Emma Duncan recorded another incident about a Pakistani officer drinking Johny Walker (P266-267):
The army had never been against drink, said the soldier, settling down to a whisky the size they pour in prohibition countries. ``If a man drank, but he was a gentleman - a professional, straight, not a thief - the jawans used to say he was a good chap;` But this Islam business had hit the Army as much as the rest of the country. You couldn`t do it publicly any more. `Awful people, these mullahs. Of course we can`t say anything against them. Mistakes had been made, though. The Army hadn`t done what it should have done during the last martial law.`
``What should it have done?` `Drastic surgery.`
`Oh what or whom?`
`Oh, you know. The drug dealers. In Malaysia, they shoot them. And the civil service and the politicians. Made an example of some of the high-up people. Instead, we wasted our time with this Islam business.` [51 ]

Linck wrote:
On the political side, I found that both officers and men were thoroughgoing, almost fanatical, anti-communists, but perhaps the most important generalization to make is that the army is, above all, a professional army.
A professional anti-communist army essentially translates into serving the interests of western imperialism because communists were anti-imperialist. The US desperately needs such an army. The US does not care how the people of Pakistan eat, live and enjoy human dignity. The only thing the U.S. wants is for Pakistan to fight for the US in the region.
Police, bureaucracy and colonial acts
The ironclad` colonial structure was imposed by the conqueror to subjugate native people. There was no popular suffrage and the three corners of the triangle - police, bureaucracy and army - were designed to force people into submission so that a Peaceful atmosphere for exploitation could be guaranteed. The job of the police was to maintain law and order. It was never founded to protect people. For instance, if someone reports a fight, the police will wait and see. They will approach the involved parties after the job is done. This is contrary to Britain where police are available during such instances. In fact the colonial police were founded to protect the imperialist`s interests. If it fails, then the army is supposed to step in. It is the same today.
Today the civil bureaucracy is trained along the same colonial lines. Britain invented this mechanism to strengthen their hold. For instance, in the US a mayor controls the city police and the mayor is elected by the people. Similarly, a portion of the judges is elected by the people. But we have inherited civil bureaucrats who are trained by the ruling class to carry out the orders of the higher echelons - formerly in London now in Washington. We have been subjugated to this ` practice for centuries and we do not know any alternative. In fact we have accepted it as fate. Link noted in his book:
One prime example of the readiness lo accept authoritarianism in Pakistan is the position of the ``D.C.``, the Deputy Commissioner, who, in his district, is very powerful. He has, among other prerogatives, the right to suspend municipal corporations in much the same way that the president suspended the West Pakistan assembly.... Indeed, the judicial system is one of the British legacies for which the Pakistanis might well be thankful.[37] With the British gone from the subcontinent, the whole legislature has been made harsh to suppress people under new masters. It is essentially the same law that British enforced a century ago. Only the name has been changed from India to Pakistan. It is the same in essence but changed in appearance. It is rotten to the core.
The British promulgated Indian Penal Code in 1860. Now the same one is known as the Penal Code of Pakistan. In addition to it, the Police Act of 1861, the Evidence Act of 1872, the Prisoner Act of 1894, the Code of Criminal Procedure of 1898, the Prison Act of 1900, the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act of 1908, and the Official Secret Act of 1911 are the main basis of the courts, criminal laws and procedures in today`s Pakistan.
These laws were designed during the era of slavery. But to further the oppression, new Acts and Ordinances were introduced after 1947. For instance the Security of Pakistan Act of 1952 was issued to suppress any movement that wanted a change in the British leftover colonial structure. Any move against the colonial system is considered a conspiracy against Pakistan and is punishable by death. To suffocate freedom of speech, the military dictatorship imposed the Press and Publication Ordinance in 1960. To undermine political institutions, the Political Parties Act of 1962 was promulgated. There is a series of martial law and other fascist acts passed from time to time. All these were destined to safeguard the interests of the ruling class.
The president, provincial governors and judges of the high courts are exempted from the Penel Codes. The British leftover colonial mercenary army is above all laws - Martial law authorities are a law unto themselves. A vast decentralized system mainly based on native values and traditions is an alternative to this colonial system that would guarantee the collective participation of all sections of population. It needs a separate book.
CIA - ISI honeymoon
The new geopolitical situation does not require Pakistan to fight for US interests in the region for some time. But it does not mean that the US does not need the Pakistan Army and its rulers anymore. Some of the US clients in Pakistan are laid off due to the geopolitical market recession. It should be assumed that at the time of a challenge to the Pakistan ruling class the US and its intelligence agencies will unleash their full power to protect these goons because these are Their best tout in the region. The new relation is best discussed by Thomas P. Thronton:
...Pakistan shares with the United States Limited but important regional and global policy interests, especially a healthy concern for Soviet expansionism, common friendship with China and support for moderate regimes in the Persian Gulf....
There is, nonetheless, substantial anti-Pakistan sentiment in the United States - partisans of Indian, nonproliferationists and those wary of Islamic governments. During the fighting in Afghanistan, most criticism was muted in the cause of ensuring Pakistani cooperation, and the restoration of democratic government has placated some critics, though by no means all of them. Now that Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan is an accomplished fact, inescapable questions about the nature and extent of US-Pakistani ties will find resonance among those who see the large aid program as a target for budget reduction. [38]

According to THE NEW YORK TIMES on March 8,1992: In October 1990, the Bush Administration for the first time refused to certify that Pakistan did not have a nuclear bomb. At that time, the United States was willing to take a tougher stance toward Pakistan because Soviet troops had left Afghanistan and Pakistan`s aid to the rebels fighting the Soviet-backed Afghan Government had become less important.
It is well understood that the US effectively used Pakistan to combat the Soviets and then threw it away like a used cartridge after the mission was accomplished. But it did not totally divorce its relations with the Pakistan Army and others in the bourgeoisie class. Thornton further wrote:
On the other side, there are those - especially within the military - who want to see the present level of close cooperation not only maintained but enlarged. They see Pakistan as the key to a prominent US role in the evolving situation in Afghanistan, and as the only country between Israel and Thailand that can serve as support for a US forward policy, whether directed against the Soviet Union or shoring up our interests in the Gulf and Indian Ocean. They are prepared to pay high costs, political as well as financial, to develop Pakistan as a reliable agent of US policy in this strategic region.[38]
THE NEW YORK TIMES published on March 8,1992: Excerpts From Pentagon`s Plan: `Prevent the Re emergence of a New Rival`
…We should discourage Indian hegemonic aspirations over the other states in South Asia and on (he Indian Ocean. With regard to Pakistan, a constructive US-Pakistan military relationship will be an important element in our strategy to promote stable security conditions in Southwest Asia and Central Asia. We should therefore endeavor to rebuild our military relationship given acceptable resolution of our nuclear concern.
In the same plan, Pentagon`s future planning included the use of military force against Pakistan, Iraq, North Korea and India to destroy their nuclear programs. One hand the US is ready to strike militarily if Pakistan does not give up nuclear weapons development program. On the other side, the US has so much trust in the Pakistan Army that it is considered vital to safeguard the US interests in the region in the same document.
It is in the best interests of the US that the Pakistan Army serve the western interests in present form. Thornton noted: Pakistan`s broad web of other relationships, with the exception of China, would not survive markedly closer US-Pakistani cooperation. The presence of obvious US military and intelligence facilities in Pakistan would spell the end of Pakistan`s membership in the Nonaligned Movement.[38]

These evidences leave no doubt about the US` intentions and the subservience of the Pakistan Army for imperialist interests. All ruling and bourgeoisie parties in Pakistan agree in accepting US enslavement as Thornton noted:
...Despite widespread misgivings about the United States and a diminishing pool of enthusiastic pro-American sentiment in Pakistan, all mainstream Pakistani political leaders declare their attachment to the US ties. They find the relationship useful and there is a widespread conviction that the United States must be placated.[38]
One thing is very obvious. If ever an armed uprising to overthrow this colonial system takes place, the Pakistan Army, the Bourgeoisie rulers, the feudal lords and the capitalists will try to crush it brutally - probably worse than Bangladesh. They will do this to show their masters in the west how far they can go to serve their interests and how badly they need western money to fight this revolution. So the revolutionaries should not underestimate the power, brutality and extent of such a war and never yield to the enemy that rules us. Yielding means a systematic death for the all of the masses.
The present state
Today, the state of Pakistan simply translates into a state of chaos and uncertainty. Chaos due to lawlessness, corruption and lack of human respect. There is virtually no law in the country. Neither western, nor traditional, nor undefined Islamic law is observed anywhere in Pakistan. The Arab countries are trying to learn English quickly and as well as modern sciences and technologies. Our rulers force people to lag behind the Arabs. This will add up to more problems than solutions. Allamah Muhammad Iqbal, in his speech in 1930 when proposing Pakistan, said: ``it would provide for Islam, an opportunity to rid itself of the stamp that Arabian Imperialism was forced to give it.``
Conventional wisdom is to take the good things from anyone irrespective of one`s belief, caste, or race. If we have to replace our values and traditions with some one else`s - only good for dying cultures - why not adopt the one which Arabs are on their way to adopt.
The chaos in Pakistan has been created by the uncertainty that is rooted in the British colonial system. Mounting foreign debt, outmoded and inefficient industry, feudal lords who inherited land in return for their services to British imperialism and degradation of the whole colonial leftover social structure. Pakistan is in the world`s bottom ten countries for female attendance at primary schools. Female literacy is less than 10%. Christina Lamb of THE
FINANCIAL TIMES wrote on December 9,1989:
The child in tattered rags, splashing in an open sewer, has the happiest smile I`ve ever seer.. Like half of Pakistan`s population, she does not have clean water and, like three- quarters, she will never read. By the time she is 14 she will be shroud in a burqa, destined to see the rest of life as snapshots through its embroided grille.
Agriculture in Pakistan is mainly labor intensive and without vital technical support. THE ECONOMIST magazine described under Science and Technology on January 13,1990: Start in the farmland, with milk, and the example of Pakistan. It has about 31/2 times as much pasture as Wisconsin, America`s most productive state, and has 1 1/2 times as many dairy cows. But it produces only a quarter as much milk. Pakistan`s cows are only IS% as efficient as Wisconsin`s, so Pakistan has to spend some $30 million importing (mostly dried) milk each year. A report by Pakistan`s ministry of industries admits that urban demand for milk will have to be met by extra imports.
To make more milk a farmer can get more cows and - better - increase the productivity of each one. Israel shows how this can he done. Its Frisians and Holsteins yield 35% more milk than even their American relatives. Such success comes from the clever use of artificial insemination and embryo transfer. .
Is the situation conducive for such a technological base in Pakistan? The masses are confused and trying hard to survive among the ruling thugs and robbers. Barbara Crossette wrote in THE NEW YORK TIMES about the treatment of the people by Punjabi landlords on May 2,1990:
But as the late-afternoon session crept toward evening, the event turned unmistakably Pakistani. Poor women, their heads and shoulders encircled with thin shawls, knelt at the feet of their elected political leader to beg for personal favors.
In Sind, the situation is` the same. Christina Lamb note in THE FINANCIAL TIMES:
Her father, Lala, is probably 30 but looks 50. He falls on his knees and kisses the hem of the shirt of the feudal lord for whom he voted in the election and on whose land he and his ancestors have always worked. The landlord is a Sindhi MP who, sipping whisky on a silk sofa in his white palace in Islamabad, talks fervently of universal education but would not dream of weakening his unthinking peasant bloc vote by allowing schools in his fiefdom.
As Reeves writes about Zia`s policy: ``As less people are literate it is better for the army.`` The CIA led theocratic politicians in Jamaat-e-Islami and the Moslem League claimed that by implementing the fourteen hundred years old Arab nomadic law, they will bring miracles in peoples lives in Pakistan. These fascists were simply using religion to further their masters interest in that part of the world. After assuming power, these goons started blowing the trumpet of revolutionary changes in Pakistan. Millions of dollars has been spent in the west advertising the government policies of privatization. As THE FRONTIER POST fortnightly magazine, ``Horizon`` reported on August 20,1991:
One of the puzzling features of the current privatization process is the somewhat reckless abandon with which the programme was announced. This naive optimism has been put in its place by the private sector`s response. According to the privatization commission, 160 were to be sold. Out of these, 115 were selected for sale initially. So far, out of the 30 units offered for sale, only 2 have received offer.
What this narco-military-mullah axis did is just to serve their own interests. All the drug money of these king pins has been legalized. The common political mistake committed by immature politicians is the lack of understanding of the capabilities of the forces of exploitation. Generally, such politicians think that they can fool people by popular slogans. Indeed they raise the revolutionary slogans. They attract the oppressed. Such moves are also observed by the oppressors. At this stage, these pseudo-revolutionary politicians don`t want to destroy the oppressive, exploitive system. There are many reasons. First, they don`t have an alternative model, at least a theoretical one. Even if they want to destroy the system, the masses will not participate because there is no ideological ground to mobilize the masses. There is no target, goal or objective. Huge masses may gather to listen to these pleasing speeches and then return to their normal oppressed lives. People won`t be stupid enough to create a fire of anarchy to burn themselves.
Second, these bourgeoisie progressive pseudo revolutionaries, in fact, don`t want change. Their movement is powered by wealth stolen under the existing system. What else do they want? ...to capture ruling positions and to add more money in the existing ones. They may say they want to change the system but it goes against common sense. In fact they want the masses to follow them. When supported by the masses they use the existing laws and state institutions to protect their own interests.
Third, even if they are honest in changing the system, they want to change for someone else, not for themselves. In this process of choosing between power and the status quo, they will be eliminated by the forces who want their control. Those politicians, who think that the present exploitive system can be eradicated without touching the existing machine - army officers and civil bureaucracy - such politicians live in a paradise of fools. They will never be allowed to do so. They will be killed before anything happens. The only option is to change the system completely.
The only solution - REVOLUTION
The political situation in the world is drastically changing. The structure and nature of the world powers are in rapid change which will definitely affect their policies towards their interests. With modified interests these world powers will gradually say good bye to their old clients - agent parties working for their masters. We will face a great repercussion from change in Pakistan.

The present ruling class consists on American touts. Nawaz Sharief, Benazir Bhutto, the whole of Jamaat-e-Islami and the Army officer class are the watchdogs of western imperialism. Soon, most of them are going to join the ranks of political orphans. They need some source of wealth to run their business. Their anti-communist jihad will not be blessed anymore if Gorbachev`s philosophy remains in control. They need a new enemy of capitalism to convince their masters of their worth. It will not be easy to produce one. They have one option left! Holy war. Continuation of a holy war will be a good bargaining chip.The target may be other religious minorities. It can be directed against the west to bargain for money. They will try to accelerate Jihad in Kashmir. No doubt the people of Kashmir deserve freedom. But what kind of freedom. The same that the Bengali people tasted? No! The Kashmiris need freedom - the same freedom needed by all the people of the subcontinent. Freedom from the British founded colonial system. The new system should not be imported from the west or the oil Sheikhs who by any standard are the slaves of western imperialism. The new system should be the natural evolution of our own heritage, history, traditions, values, culture - a system for an egalitarian society. Such a system should consist pragmatism, multiculturalism and multireligion.
With the Soviet sponsorship of pro-Soviet parties gone, the revolutionary forces will not only be self reliant but also indigenous and genuine. It will be death to the fascist mullahs and pundiths` parties. We will not progress under the rule of enemies. We will not emancipate under the British created existing ruling enemy. The miserable life in Pakistan calls for a social revolution. Revolution that will have the capability to flourish on workers democracy, literacy, equality, freedom and human respect. At the moment the whole country is pregnant with corruption, oppression and lawlessness. In fact dishonesty and cheating are exercised at every level to get the job done.
Unless change is directed along correct historical lines, there is the severe danger of ethnic and sectarian bloodshed. We need to integrate our country in the world community on honorable and equal conditions. Integration, not isolation, is the solution. The rapid development of technology, information systems and communication do not permit a country to exist in isolation. The world can survive without a country but it will be very difficult for any country to survive without the world.
References
[1] R. Reeves, ``Passage to Peshawar``
[2] Report of Indian Army Commission of 1879,pp.86-87
[3] Slin, ``Defeat into victory``
[4] G. Sharma, ``Indian army through the ages``,p.224
[5] W. Durant, ``The story of civilization: Our orient; heritage``, Vol. l, p.614
[6] Zimand, 31
[7] O. H. Smith, 502
[8] K.Marx, ``The capital``, Vol. 1, Progress Put Moscow, pp.704-705
[9] The Asiatic Journal, May 1821
[10] M.A.Macauliffe, ``Sikh religion``, Vol.4, p.381
[11] C. C. Trench, ``The Indian army and the king` enemies: 1900-1947``, p.27
[12] Ibid, p.10
[13] Ibid, PP.24-25
[14] Ibid, p.120
[15] Ibid, pp. 11-12
[16] Ibid, pp.[17-11]
[17) Ibid,
[18] Ibid,
[19] P.Mason, ``From a matter of honour``
[20] Roberts, Earl of Kandhar, ``Forty years in India `` p.243
[21] V.Longer, Quoted from redcoats to olive green
[22] K.C.Prawal, ``Indian army after independence `` pp. 10-11
[23] G.B.Malleson, ``Decisive battles of India`` , pp.373-375
[24] C.C.Trench, ``The Indian army and the king`s enemies: 1900-1947``,pp-13-14
[25] Ibid, p.108
[26] The armed forces reconstruction committee, chaired by field marshall C. Auchinleck
[27] S. Cohen, ``The Pakistan Army``, p.66
[28] R. Reeves, ``Passage to Peshawar``, p.208
[29] O.F.Linck, ``A passage to Pakistan``, 1959, p.19$
[30] R.Payne, ``Massacre``, 1973, pp.41-42
[31] Foreign area studies, R. F.Nyrop (Ed), ``Pakistan a country study``, 1983
[32] Keesing research report 9, ``Pakistan from 1947 to the creation of Bangladesh``, p.119
[33] H.Alavi, ``State and ideology in the Middle East and Pakistan``, p.9$
[34] Challenge, ``The parasitic army of Pakistan``, New York, p.102
[35] S.P.Cohen (Ed), ``The security of South Asia``, p.102
[36] E.Duncan, ``Breaking the curfew: Apolitical journey through Pakistan``, p.279
[37] O.F.Linck `` A passage to Pakistan`, 1959, pp.206-207
[38] T.P.Thornton, ``The new phase in U.S.-Pakistan relations `` , Foreign affairs, V.63., Summer 1989
[39] C.C.Trench, ``The Frontier scouts``
[40] Ibid, p.275
[41] Ibid, Pp.278-279
[42] R. Payne, ``Massacre``, 1973, p.126
[43] Kessing research report 9, ``Pakistan from 1947 to the creation of Bangladesh``, p.123
[44] R.Reeves, ``Passage to Peshawar``, pp. 190-191
[45] Ibid, p.199
[46] Ibid, p.193
[47] The South End, Sept. 3, 1991
[48] Foreign area studies, R.F. Nyrop(Ed), ``Pakistan a country study``,1983, p.19
[49] Ibid, p.241 [50] E.Duncan, ``Breaking the curfew: Apolitical journey through Pakistan``, p.283
[51] Ibid, pp.266-267
[52] 0. F. Linck `` A passage to Pakistan``, 1959, p.37
[53] C. C. Trench, ``The Frontier scouts``, pp. l l 1-112
[54] B. Woodward, ``VEIL: The secret wars of the CIA``

From ZIA-uI-Haq to CIA-uI-Haq
Bob Woodward writes:
Any efforts by the CIA abroad to influence events in a foreign country was defined as covert action and requires a formal presidential finding. Technically, a CIA station cheif giving advice to a foreign head of state, a chief of intelligence or, for that matter, any one, was going beyond simple intelligence gathering It was ``covert action``.
... Casey realized that he had to be the unremitting advocate to these covert actions and relationships, even if they counted only for marginal gain, or if there were no apparent gain at all. It was a way of getting the agency`s foot in the door, and as far as Casey was concerned, the CIA needed its fret in every door in the world. Could these arrangements go too far? Yes, he realized, at least theoretically. So how were they to he controlled`? Casey`s answer was simple. He would assert personal control. After the overseas bribery scandals of the 1970s, which Spokin, then at the SEC, had been instrumental in exposing, the congress had made it illegal for American business to make payments or bribes abroad to obtain business. The payments and favors to foreign leaders or intelligence sources were exception - legal bribes, Casey realized. For example, he made certain to visit to Pakistan`s Zia once or twice a year. Soon he had the closest relationship with Zia of any member of the Reagan Administration. So when Zia wanted assistance from the United States or just needed someone to listen, his avenue was Casey.[54]
The capitalist system has one value - profit. There is not anything like friendship, honor, respect, etc. A society under the capitalist system tries to exploit the means available and then disposes of those means if they are outmoded or not profitable. It is the philosophy that pushes old, used and out of date industries, people, etc out of daily life. Artists, athletes, scientists, etc. are praised when they function. Afterward they are simply forgotten since they can not generate or protect capital. The CIA mend the same treatment to people, organizations, and financial institutions that helped its proxy war in Afghanistan. The Bank of Credit and Commerce International (BCCI) was a main conduit for money transfer from the west to the Afghan contras and the CIA agents in Pakistan and in the third world. With the end of the cold war, this bank ceased to help such plans so it was banned without trial. In fact the western media later called this bank as Bank of Crooks and Criminals International. The banks in Switzerland are more crook and criminal than any bank in the world, but there is no check on them. Professor C.M. Naim and H.M. Jafari wrote a letter to THE NEW YORK TIMES on August 29, 1991 that is rewritten here:
Blurred Response to BCCI``, (editorial, Aug. 8) calls for a focused probe of the Bank of Credit and Commerce International scandal at the highest level. A primary focus of such a coordinated inquiry should be the bank`s relationship with the Central Intelligence Agency in its entirety.
To distance itself from the fallen bank, the CIA has described its relationship as limited to aggressive penetration for intelligence purpose (news article, Aug. 3). Yet in Pakistan, where the CIA and other intelligence agencies have maintained an almost continuous presence since the 1950`s, the agency`s relationship wit the bank has never been a secret. Nor have CIA activities in Pakistan been limited to the banks. For the last few years reports in the Pakistani press have identified the CIA`s contributory role in that country`s burgeoning drugs and arms businesses. Mujahedeen groups in Afghanistan reportedly grew poppy and ran heroin factories to finance their war. These reports point out that covert CIA assistance to the Mujahedeen was routinely pilfered by corrupt Pakistani officials. More important, the same covert channels were allegedly used for deals involving narcotics and guns. recently, Pakistan`s finance minister confirmed to London`s financial Times that the CIA made pay offs in Pakistan through BCCI branches. These facts raise questions United States authorities must ask: Did the CIA maintain actual such funds to payoffs in Pakistan? And what role did the agency and the bank Of Credit and Commerce International together play in the actual drugs-for-arms deals of the Mujahedeen?
Another element of the story that has thus for not surfaced in official statements from United States Government investigators concerns the CIA`s relationship with the bank as it related to American Intelligence on Pakistan`s nuclear program. Recent disclosures that BCCI was involved in clandestine purchase of material for Pakistan`s nuclear`s program and was at the same time a source of intelligence to the CIA are of great concern to the Pakistani Government. Pakistanis wonder if the bank, which transacted Pakistan`s nuclear business overseas, bartered away defense secrets in return for the privilege of operating unregulated in the United States for more than a decade. Was there a quid pro quo? United States investigators and watchdog committees should be asking but are not.

This shows the extension of the CIA in ISI, the Pakistan Army and the bureaucracy. It also shows how much we are under an enemy rule. One thing is very clear. The bourgeoisie will do everything to make money. They sell respect, honor, security, everything to make profit.
The CIA has a well organized system in Pakistan to recruit its agents in the Pakistan Armed Forces, bureaucracy, police, political parties, trade unions, student organizations, religious sects etc. Most of these agents received their salaries through donations from the Saudis and Sheikhs of the Gulf. Some of the operatives are the direct employees of the CIA. They are mainly in the Armed Forces, bureaucracy, scientific organizations and police. A job letter offered to a prospective candidate by the CIA has been reproduced in this book. There is not doubt that the CIA runs Pakistan.
Jihad, drugs and American revenge?
In fact Zia was the biggest part and parcel of the CIA multibillion dollar war project in Afghanistan. The CIA financed many projects under this so called ``Third World Bank`` (BCCI) and bribed the ruling class in Pakistan and elsewhere through drug money. In fact sons and relatives of the ruling class of Pakistan were running this bank. General CIA¬-ul-Haq`s son was an executive of BCCI in Abu Dubai. But the major issue here is the ugly shape of the Afghanistan war which can result in the death of Pakistan.
The U.S. had an interest in the Afghan war. The interest was to take revenge from the Soviets for the defeats that the U.S. suffered in Viet Nam and elsewhere in the world. The U.S. knew that without sacrificing a single U.S. citizen, she could give a tough time to the Red Army and stop them from marching toward south - to the oil fields.
Bob Woodward writes in his hook ``VEIL: the Secret Wars of the CIA``:
The Congressman, Charles Wilson, was a tall, dapper, back-slapping Texas Democrat, an outspoken hawk whose congressional district exemplified the Texas wildcat spirit. Within the last year, Wilson had made three trips to Pakistan, where the Afghan covert program was being run. He had crossed the border into Soviet-controlled Afghanistan with the rebels. For Wilson, it was the right war at the right time. The $30 million, he concluded, was ``peanuts.`` He w anted more dead Russians. ``There were $8, J00 lead in Vietnam and we owe the Russians one``.[54]

The U.S. analysis was correct. The U.S. had a well trained Pakistani Army at its disposal. To successfully carry out this mission, the CIA founded ISI inside the Pakistan Army. The ISI was fully trained by the CIA and is one collegial terms with the imperialist intelligence. The ISI consists of corrupt officials who are not only involved in the drug business but also in robbing aid to Afghan refugees. A detailed report in INSIGHT April 9, 1990 states:
The Bush administration cut off all food supplies to the, Afghan resistance earlier this year, after it discovered that ISI and its clients had forged Afghan Interim Government documents in order to pilfer more than 2,400 tons of wheat. The food was to have gone to Afghanistan, where aid workers and U.N. officials say more than a quarter-million people face starvation. (because of an early winter, plagues of locust and a severe shortfall of wheat, large part of . north and central Afghanistan are facing famine, says Anders Fange, director of the Swedish Committee for Afghanistan. ...
...Coincidentally, Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs Robert Kimmitt made an official visit to Pakistan a week later. Pakistani military chief Beg implored him to resume the food supplies, assuring him they would be carefully monitored.
No sooner had the wheat begun rolling again than ISI operatives, in collaboration with what several U.S. officials call ``their fundamentalists``, produced forged interim government documents to divert the 2,400 tons shipment from its intended destination into a secret ISI warehouse.
In fact a major portion of uniforms, food, hospital supplies, arms and ammunition, money and anything that was destined for the Afghan contrast were sold by ISI and former Razakars. The rank and file of ISI, military and civil officers became millionaires in a few years. The continuation of the war in Afghanistan is best for the ruling class in Pakistan. It is a widely believed fact that the CIA arranged the safe passage of narcotics to the western markets to finance the war in Afghanistan. This brought a double profit to the military and ISI officials. Reeves write (p-66):
...For another, in the 1980s, the country became the most important supply point for narcotics headed for the West; American officials in Islamabadtold me that 85 percent of the heroin in New York and Los Angeles came through( Pakistan, usually following route from the Khyber Pass to Karachi.
This illegally earned money from the drug trade is many times the Pakistan national budget. Before Zia, there were less than ten heroin addicts in the whole of Pakistan. THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR gave an account on December 10, 1988:
* A rise in the number of Pakistani addict;, most of whom ``chase the dragon`` (smoke heroin) from an estimated 200,000 in the early 1980s to between 1 million to 3 million today.
* The spread of heroin abuse among Pakistan`s 3 million Afghan refugees.
* Corruption that involves senior Pakistani government officials, Army officers, politicians, refugee administrators, businessmen, tribal leaders, and the member of the Afghan resistance. This was alleged separately by narcotics and intelligence officials, and Western aid sources.
Narcotics from eastern and northern Afghanistan and Pakistan`s border areas are channeled to Karachi; those from southern Afghanistan go toward Iran. According to aid sources, trucks from the government run National Logistic Corporation, which normally carry goods to Afghan camps, often take heroin to Karachi.
``There is a lot of direct collaboration with the police, the army, and the refugee administration,`` said a Western official.
For appearances, sources say, a vehicle is sometimes deliberately sacrificed to the police. The rest than proceeds unhindered to Karachi, where the heroin is taken by boat or plane to the Middle East and Europe.
The production of the opium in the South West Afghanistan has become under the control of local drug lords, cooperating closely with Pakistani traffickers as well as drug syndicates from Europe and North America, intelligence sources say.
At Musa Qala, a fertile region in Southern Afghanistan, poppy growing is largely run by Nasim Akhun Zada, say journalist and relief workers who have visited the area. Mr. Zada is a guerilla commander, reportedly still affiliated with an Afghan resistance party, the Harakat-e-Islami, but who operates largely on his own. Western sources say Zada leads a private army of 1,200 fighters. Recently, there have been reports of pitched battles with a rival, Abdul Rahman Khan of the Hezb-i-Islam (Hekmatyar Gulbuddin) resistance party.
From Musa Qala, part of the opium harvest is transported to Eastern Iran. But most is taken to the Pakistani desert refugee camps at Gerde-Jangal. There, resistance and aid sources claim, trafficking is carried out in collaboration with officers of Pakistan`s Inter Services Intelligence (ISI) organization.
Although Pakistan Army officers were involved in drug trafficking at a limited scale before the American involvement in the Afghanistan war, they found new methods, routes, and clients in the world market by the end of 1980 through CIA expertise. The Pakistan Army wanted this war to go on for an indefinite period to guarantee the business whereas the Americans wanted a defeat for the Russians and installation of a pro-U. S. regime in Afghanistan. The Americans knew that such a victory was possible under a united and coordinated contra force. On the other side, Zia and his associates wanted no end to this conflict. Zia made all efforts to guarantee that the Afghan contrast never truly unified under one strong leader and were never allowed to develop a comprehensive political program that was necessary for a victory.
The Pakistani ruling class knew what would please the Americans. Americans were told fancy stories of victory that they badly needed after they received a severe beating from communists in Vietnam. The Americans, who had a great experience of resilient and superior communist fighting morale and expertise, were confused. On one side, history did not dictate such quick victories whereas on the other side their friends in the Pakistan Armed Forces and ISI were amusing them with such good news. Pakistani rulers and Afghan contra leaders knew what the Americans wanted to hear.
When George Schultz visited Afghan refugees camp oil July 23, 1983, an Afghan tribal malik announced in his speech that the Mujahedeen are with the Americans all the way to South America in crushing left wing insurgencies. In short, Afghan contras wanted to assure the U.S. that they would tight for money for American interests throughout the world. And the Afghan contrast proved it by joining the U.S. forces against the Iraqis in the Desert Storm war.
After a precise calculation, the ex-Soviet Union correctly analyzed that the ISI did not want to end the war. To the Soviets, it did not matter who is in Kabul; the drug and arms runner need some enemy in Kabul to keep the war going on. By the end of 1987, the Soviet Union showed determination to leave Afghanistan. In fact the Soviet Union started negotiations with the U.S. to pull out from Afghanistan. On February 8, 1988, Gorhachev announced Soviet troops would begin leaving Afghanistan in May. Armand Hammer wrote in his article in THE NEW YORK TIMES on April 14, 1988:
President Zia and his colleagues were evidently stunned by Mr. Gorhachev`s coup. They admitted as much. General Zia said that the Soviet Union had ``stolen a march on us,`` and one of the most senior advisors voiced the fear that the superpowers ``have us in a diplomatic box.`` President Zia desperately needed the assurance that Pakistan and the millions of Afghan refugees living in that country would not he abandoned by the United States in the rush to superpower reproachment. In my presence, General Zia dictated a letter to Ronald Reagan, which I carried to Washington when I returned. I got the letter to the President and, when I visited him in the oval office to present my report as chairman of Advisory Panel on cancer, I urged him to call General Zia. I said, ``It will make such a difference if you speak to him personally. If he gets a letter, he will think it was written by somebody on your staff; but if he speaks to you on the telephone, he will be reassured that you personally intend to support him.
We know he called General Zia. And we know that, following that call, the Pakistanis withdrew their opposition to the Geneva accord and went ahead and signed.
Well Zia wept to have the blessings of Almighty America but we all know that the U.S. finally abandoned Pakistan when it was not needed anymore.
False promises
When the Soviets started to pull out of Afghanistan, the U.S. was told by the ISI that it was the end of the Kabul regime. ISI assured a quick victory to the U.S. rulers. But in fact ISl and the Pakistan Army, that never won any war in history, knew that victory was not possible. It was to fool the West to pocket more money. The Magazine INSIGHT wrote on April 9, 1990:
In a spacious office in Washington, a senior U.S. official heavily involved in development of policy on Afghanistan leans back in a leather chair and props his loafers on a polished butter`s table. With Ivy League enthusiasm, he outlines the plans for a grand assembly, a shura, which have just been announced by the Afghan Interim Government, a disparate group of resistance leaders cobbled together under pressure from Pakistan the United States and Saudi Arabia. Headquatered in the ancient Pakistani border town of Peshawar, the AIG is the figurehead of The Jihad, the Muslim crusade that Afghan guerrillas, known as Mujahedeen, have been fighting since the Red Army invaded their country in 1979.
`` the process has began,`` the official says. ``Arrangements will be completed by the end of May. We will have a result by June l.

The article reports that when the U.S. opted for negotiation in late 1989, ISI proposed three phases of operation in Afghanistan. The final phase is described:
Stage 3 would involve some form of elections. ``And we`d all stroll casually into Kabul and a cup of tea, `` says a more cynical U.S. official.
Such a quick victory would not only he a great surprise for the U.S. but it also meant that he U.S. would be able to disintegrate the Soviet Union through the Muslim population in the Soviet Central Asia. The U.S. in particular and the West in general were overjoyed at this uncertain great victory. The West never thought about such a hallmark. INSIGHT reports:
A West European diplomat who has been deeply involved in the Afghan war says part of the reason for a lack of high level supervision was that, for a long time, Washington did not expect to war end, seeing it only as an ongoing conflict in the larger East-West confrontation. ``It didn`t have to be managed politically,`` he says. ``It was straight forward, the Jihad against the Soviets: You put money; the Pakistanis would run it; the Afghans would tight it; and nothing would happen in the case. The new good news was of a quick victory in which the Afghan contrast would overrun Kabul in a few hours after the last Soviet soldier leaves Afghanistan forced the CIA to make many decisions hastily for which it was not prepared. This was a simple ISI tactic: to please America and to earn more American taxpayers dollars. It is a common practice in such subjugated cultures to please the masters by telling lies or whatever will please the masters. Those stupid slaves do not know that you suffer more when you are caught lying. And it happened so. This cost CIA-uI-Haq his life for overstating the Afghan victory to please his masters.

The major issue was who should control Afghanistan. Pakistan Army first did not want to end the war because it simply means closure of their business. They thought, if it ever happens so, Gulbedeen Hekmatyar should be the ruler of Afghanistan. This was not acceptable to the U.S. simply because the U.S had strong evidence that Hekmatyar was not popular among Afghans and he would lose power over Kabul in few months. Americans were more interested in bringing Ahmad Shah Masssoud into power because of many reasons. First, Massoud had already an effective control over northern Afghanistan that will guarantee to stop further Soviet arms supplies to defeated communists inside Afghanistan in case of post victory guerilla war. Second, he was from an ethnic group Tajik, that has population and links inside the former Soviet Tajikistan that will greatly help to organize CIA led Islamic movement there. Third, he was a Whabbi Muslim and could easily he controlled through Saudi Whabbi sect. He was also somehow more liberal and friendly to the West who had allowed French nurses in bikinis to entertain-his fellow Mujahedeen.
The U.S. media was praising Massoud and condemning Hekmatyar constantly. This was to tame general American consensus in favor a CIA goon to serve the U.S interests in the region. THE NEW YORK TIMES, a mouthpiece of the U.S. ruling class, wrote on June 12, 1988:
The increasing power of the field commanders in bringing into prominence men like lsmail Khan, the commander of the Herat area in the West; Abdul Haq, the commander of the region around Kabul, who is said to have built as underground network in the capital, and Ahmad Shah Massoud, who leads a loose alliance of commanders in seven northern provinces....
...Mr. Massoud is perhaps the most highly regarded of the commanders because of his Innovative organization and because he has defeated Soviet troops in his area. He has built an administrative structure in his territory, financing it by imposing taxes on lapis lazuli mines, and has established military schools to train uniformed troops who can be sent to other areas.
...The real rebel alliance in Peshawar is to a large extent the creation of the Pakistani military intelligence service, which channels American arms and other aid to the guerrillas. The Pakistanis require refugees to register with one of the seven parties before they are given aid.
About Hekmatyar, the same article states:
He came here 15 years ago when he was exiled for fundamentalist protests against the King at Kabul University. People who were at the University at the time say they remember Mr. Hekmatyar`s followers throwing acid at women students who did not wear veils, and even shooting at the legs of women who were wearing skirts rather than traditional grab...

On the other hand the Pakistani ruling class had a great investment in Gulbedeen Hekmatyar Pakistan inherited a chronic border problem with (Afghanistan from the British colonial raj. The foreign secretary to the government of India, Henry Mortimer Durand, drew the 1,510-mile border between Afghanistan and India in 1983. It is still known as Durand line. The fiercely independent Pathans never accepted this British decision imposed upon them. Pusthun nationalists in Afghanistan and some in Pakistan called for the creation of a Pushtunistan that would incorporate Pushtun areas of Afghanistan and Pakistan. This trouble was accelerated after the realization of Bengali nationalism. This touched its height during Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto`s era when he heavily resorted to unconstitutional methods to topple the opposition throughout Pakistan.
Z.A. Bhutto brought Hekmatyar to Pakistan in 1974 to launch a campaign against rulers in Kabul. It is said that the grand parents of Hekmatyar migrated to Afghanistan from the Indian subcontinent and he has no ethnic roots there. Furthermore, the government in Kabul at that time was not communist and widely portrayed Hekmatyar as a traitor and an agent of Pakistan. That is one reason why he is so unpopular inside Afghanistan. When ISI presented Hekmatyar to the CIA at the first time, he became their darling.
At first Hekmatyar was the collective choice of Pakistan and the U. S. to take power in Kabul: INSIGHT of April, 1990 reports:
Hekmatyar is the best organized``. A U.S. diplomat said. ``He has the largest and best disciplined party, he is the most effective, he has the best fighters. He may not be such a nice guy, but he`s- the best. `` By
the middle of 1989, the same diplomat was saying privately that Hekmatyar was `` a son of a bitch``.
This hypothetical power struggle for Kabul was disputed by Massoud who was against ISI. In fact Massoud and Kabul government had links since early 80s and were cooperating in different matters. In future an alliance - that will eventually incorporate Massoud or his group in the future Kabul government - between Massoud and the remnant of the present Kabul administration will not be a surprise. Such a government is likely to lead a war against Hekmatyar that may drag Pakistan in`) the conflict. Such a turning point will demand a mass uprising against the criminal ruling class in the near future. The ISI encouraged Hekmatyar to systematically eliminate the opponent Mujahedeen so that at the end of the war he would be the only left over leader to rule Kabul. The ! U.S. accurately calculated that Massoud can serve its interests better than Hekmatyar.

When Afghanistan`s President, Najibullah fled the capital in mid April 1992, the US was worried and did not show any enthusiasm for the formation of the new government. In fact, Pakistan, at the advise of the US, stopped supporting the Afghan guerrillas and started talking about a UN peace plan. Finally, when the Afghan rebels got close to the Afghan capital Pakistan started placating them again. THE NEW YORK TIMES reported on April 17, 1992:
But behind the scenes, American official acknowledge . that the United States has very few interests at stake in Afghanistan, now that the cold war is over and the former Soviet Union no longer has a military presence in the country near the oil-producing Persian Gulf. Washington has financed a 13 year proxy war by Muslim guerrillas to topple a succession of Soviet backed regimes. Now that Mr. Najibullah has been ousted, American officials say they have very limited aspiration for Afghanistan. They say their primary concern is that a reasonable level of stability returns to the remote country so it does not destabilize Pakistan or the newly emerging independent states in Muslim central Asia.
...`What we basically want,` the official said, `is an Afghanistan that does not destabilize its neighbors, like Pakistan and the Central Asian Republics, where we really do have important interests. We don`t want a boiling Afghanistan exporting radicalism to the Central Asian republics when they are coming of age.`
...American officials say if they had to bet on which guerrilla leader will emerge at the top, they would choose Ahmad Shah Massoud.
Zia`s death - Victim of his masters
The question of Hekmatyar became increasingly a matter of life and death for the U.S. interests versus the Pakistani Army Generals` interests. A senior Bush administrator openly said (INSIGHT April, 1991):
The interim government never got off the ground. It`s an illusion. The Afghan nation has not accepted it. We`ve tried to talk to the Pakistanis so many times about Gulbuddin Hekmatyar that I want to puke.

When Hekmatyar realized that the U.S. wants Massoud in Kabul instead of him, he tried to eliminate Massoud`s power. He asked ISI to stop arms to Massoud. Ahmad Shah Massoud complained that he did not receive even a single AK-47 bullet in 1989. But ISI started this cut early in 1988. ISI and Hekmatyar tried to destroy Massoud`s arsenals. In 1989, a mysterious explosion destroyed five truckloads of Massoud`s ammunition and killed 40 of his soldiers.. Hekmatyar`s men killed 36 of Massoud`s soldiers on July 9 and 10, 1990 at Tangi Fakhar in northern Afghanistan. This rivalry will continue till the U.S. stops favoring any one of these puppets. When the U.S. pressured ISI to send ammunition to Massoud, 50 truckloads were sent for Massoud. They never arrived. In the way, the ISI diverted them to Hekmatyar`s peoples.
Back in mid 1988 when the Soviet troops started pulling out of Afghanistan, a majority of the U.S. senior diplomats in Islamabad were supporting Hekmatyar. Most of these diplomats were on the ISI payroll earned from drug business. The U.S. ambassador, Rafael, was one of them. The U.S. did not want to investigate this because of the embarrassment it would receive from the world community and a set back to the CIA sponsored Islamic movement. In . future it is unlikely to investigate any such deal. General CIA¬ul-Haq and the U.S. ambassador were the main obstacle in the post Soviet American interests in Kabul. By now Zia has accomplished what his masters wanted. The U.S. could not afford an infinite drug flow, without its puppet regime in Kabul, that Zia and his buddies badly wanted.
In fact Zia started groaning to his masters. The U.S. considered him a mean pet. The U.S. wanted to project Zia installed Junejo government as a democratic one - a basic condition to support a country in selected cases. It is a native saying that when a jackal wants to die he travels to a city. The place of Zia was to be a subservient and obedient to his masters. His mistake was that when he dismissed Junejo he did not inform his masters. THE NEW YORK TIMES carried the news on June 14, 1988:
Zia`s action of Dismissing Junejo without Informing Washington.
Among the most surprise and upset about General Zia`s action were representatives of the United States, Pakistan`s most powerful ally. Mr. Junejo visited Washington two years ago for meeting with President Reagan that were a part of a broad American effort to assert that Junejo Government was a sign of a Pakistani move toward democracy.
Such steps, without the permission of the U.S. were sufficient to make Zia`s loyalty suspect. He was trained to be a soldier of British Colonial Army. In the case of disobedience, he would have remembered those who were executed after any mutiny in the Indian subcontinent. This time, the mutineer was put in an airplane instead of in a barrel of a gun, the usual method of British imperialism to punish opponents in the subcontinent.
Zia had become a liability for the U.S. He died in a mysterious air crash. The popular belief in Pakistan is that ``the CIA did it.`` It is the only possibility since Zia was the CIA`s man under CIA protection (not under Allah`s protection as he preached throughout his hypocrite life).

After getting rid of Zia the CIA wanted to slow the process of victory in Afghanistan so that a new ruler in Pakistan could assume power who will change pro-Gulbedeen elements in the ISI and finally the hypothetical future ruler in Kabul.
Benazir`s Years of Corruption
The CIA - which gave the slogan of Nazam-e-Mustafa in 1977 - now helped Benazir Bhutto to assume power in Pakistan after Zia. She, like ISI, assured them victory in Afghanistan. Her party and flag were founded in Afghanistan and her brothers launched a terrorist movement, ``Al¬-Zulfiqar``, from Kabul. Now Kabul was her target. What a hypocritic life and faith of bourgeoisie politicians! It should have been an uneasy decision for any person with an ounce of conscience. But the love of power can make any one blind to any ethical or political values. Her job was to bring changes in ISI so that Masoud should take the place of Hekmatyar Gulbedeen. She loudly declared that the Jihad of Afghanistan would continue. Benazir Bhutto is not a darling of international reactionary Zionism, but she is an established collaborator and confident servant of the CIA. During her visit to the U.S. in June 1989, THE NEW YORK TIMES reported on June 11, 1989 (p4):
...In her meeting with Mr. Bush, Ms. Bhutto received a briefing from William H. Webster, the
Director of Central Intelligence, in which the spelled out the detail what it knows about the Pakistani program. The information was processed to remove any hints of where it had come from. Even so, American officials said this was a highly unusual step. Seldom, if ever, has the head of the Central Intelligence Agency disclosed fruits of American intelligence collection with the ``target`` of those efforts. Intelligence professionals were said to be worried that any extensive sharing of the data with the Pakistani could, cause them to tighten security and make it more difficult to gather data. But the officials said Mr. Bush had decided that it was more important to show Ms. Bhutto that the United States can monitor Pakistan`s nuclear activities in some detail.

A CIA expert, Ed McWilliams, an expert in Persian Language, was deputed to investigate the ISI influence and report directly to Washington because the U.S. could not trust its people anymore in its embassy in Islamabad who had become partners in the dope business. This arrangement was the result of Congressmen Humphery and McCollum`s campaign. The new U.S. ambassador was Robert B. Oakley. The U.S wanted a drastic change in policy that would control ISI and push Massoud instead of Hekmatyar. But unfortunately, it was too late. No one can work in Pakistan against the wishes of ISI. The new U.S. ambassador could not change. INSIGHT reported in its April, 1991 issue:
The material McWilliams gathered and tried to send back to Washington incensed Oakley, a stalwart ``stay the course`` advocate. Within a few months, the relationship between them had soured. A capital Hill staff member, reporting on a December 1988 visit to Islamabad, wrote of what witnesses called an embarrassing attack on McWilliams. ``Ed McWilliams`s position is clearly not working and is not what congress mandated,`` the staff member said. ``McWilliams... is responsible to Ambassador Oakley. He has been cut out of CIA channels.... Oakley openly reprimanded him in our presence, telling him to `shut up` and saying that he would not take any more of McWilliams`s `bullshit` when McWilliams challenged him `on facts surrounding the cutoff of aid to a group that had not followed Pakistani orders`.
His first cable to Washington said:
Mujahedeen commanders inside Afghanistan had began resist ISI`s bribes and manipulation.
INSIGHT noted that:
He was one of the only a few in the embassy who questioned ISI motivations and wrote frankly about its methods. He said civilians were increasingly unwilling to recognize the interim government in any form.
Now the U.S. pressured Benazir Bhutto to do something about ISI. Benazir was in a tough position. She had to please three fronts: First pro-Afghanistan members of her party, second the CIA and third the ISI. She, like her father, did not respect the wishes of her party and took The decision that pleased both the CIA and ISI. To keep these two forces happy she allowed the continued drug trade of ISI but replaced the chief of this organization. The transfer of General Hamid Gul was supposed to please the U.S... The new ISI head was general Shamsur Rahman Kallu. The CIA wanted Kallu to meet Massoud to put forward the U.S. interests in the region. INSIGHT wrote (ibid):
The next day Massoud headed off through the Hindu Kush mountain range to the border of Pakistan for a secret meeting scheduled on another mountain side with Gen. Shamsur Rahman Kallu, head of the Pakistan military`s Inter Services Intelligence directorate, whose orders the fiercely independent Masoud has consistently refused to follow. After crossing two mountain passes deep in snow on his

way to The Rendezvous, Masoud received a message asking him to move up the appointment several hours. He radioed back that that was impossible and that he might be a day late because of weather. Kallu said he could not wait and returned to Islamabad, Pakistan, offering to leave a helicopter to bring Massoud to Islam Abad... He declined the offer.
Benazir could not afford to implement U.S. orders to cut off weapons to Hekmatyar`s people because ISI would have toppled her government. She decided to cut American aid to Hekmatyar to please the U.S. and increase aid to Hekmatyar from Saudi`s generous money to please ISI. According to INSIGHT (ibid):
To try to placate U.S. critics of Pakistani stand on Hekmatyar and to aid the CIA, which backed ISI and was involved in a turf battle with the U.S. State Department, Kallu was despatched to Washington late last year for a round of CIA-sponsored briefing and background interviews in which he said Hekmatyar would not longer get weapons from Pakistan of ``any direct supplies of munitions purchased with American money. What he did not say was that the United States and Saudi Arabia earlier had come to an agreement on a massive resupply operation for the resistance which would total $715 million coming from Saudi Arabia.
``The Saudis simply picked up Hekmatyar`s account,`` says a senior U.S. official. Rubin of the U.S. Institute calls the maneuver ``a mockery``. ;
In fact, Kallu failed in breaking the ISI stronghold and requested to have the Afghanistan war responsibilities taken from him. To run the old drug business and run the war in Afghanistan, General Mirza Aslam Beg brought General Gul back now as a special advisor on the Afghan war.
The U.S. held its aid to the Afghan rebels for four months in 1989. The U.S. wanted to resolve the matter before any resumption of aid. After General Kallu`s visit to the U.S., $280 million worth of material was sent. The ISI, cunning to the core, directed most of this aid to Hekmatyar.
The ISl spent a lot of money to prove Hekmatyar worthy for the US interests. The US officials call these efforts ``subcontracting. `` In subcontracting, ISI pays handsome money to commanders of other groups to cooperate for specific operations that will aid Hekmatyar. Some victories by such commanders are proclaimed as Hekmatyar`s group victory. U.S. leaves the arena
The US decided by the end of 1989 to resolve the Afghan problem through UN mediation. The US supported the Idea of calling a traditional Shura including representatives from all walks of Afghan life. It was clear to the US that the ISI and Pakistani ruling class `intentions were to keep the war going on for drug and aid money. If victory ever comes it should be in hands who will continue the business.
The CIA operative McWilliams clearly said, ``I doubt that we have ever expanded so much as we have on the Afghan war and had so little control.`` He was a rebellious CIA worker under Washington`s direct control In fact the CIA in Islam Abad was divided into two groups. On hearing these US intentions the ISI officials proposed a new interim government assembly that would be plugged into the US three phase plan. The third phase, as described earlier, was strolling and having a cup of tea in Kabul. The ISI planned a new strategy to convince the US. This was more surprising.
Hakmatyar had struck a deal with Afghan Defense Minister, General Shah Nawaz Tanai. Shah Nawaz revolted on March 6, 1990 but was subdued by the army. During this fight ISI requested Massoud to help Tannai`s forces. Massoud knew that it would boost Hekmatyar - his archenemy. Massoud refused to cooperate. This failed coup was bought with drug money. Hekmatyar did it to prove himself in the eyes of the US. The failure of this coup brought more embarrassment to ISI and Hekmatyar in the eyes of the US. INSIGHT reports: U.S. officials suspected that the ISI also was involved in Tanai`s attempt to get Hekmatyar into Kabul through the latest coup. ISI operatives armed with more than $100,000 - a huge amount of money in Pakistani and Afghan terms - each gave up to $15,000 to commanders in order to join forces with Hekmatyar and Tanai. Although Hekmatyar was in Islamabad at that his and other fundamentalist forces started racing towards Bagram Air Base before Tanai`s action began.
With its failure, the ISI and Hekmatyar lost almost all of their cards. The prospect of US aid started diminishing. Although aid from the Gulf states was still flowing ISI already opened a new front to attract more aid to compensate the losses. This new front is in Jammu Kashmir which is occupied by India, Pakistan and China.
Now there is an interesting situation in this game. The US administration wanted to get out of this mess. The CIA still assures the administration that Massoud or any other pro US person can be brought to power in Kabul. In fact, the CIA wants to maintain the steady flow of drugs to finance its operations in the region. This drug money will also temporarily help the ISI. The ISI operatives want more money in their pockets that is only possible with US and western involvement in any conflict.
When the US started massing its forces to attack Iraq, some of the Afghan contras joined the US forces to prove their loyalty to global imperialism. This was arranged by the CIA to prove that there are Afghan who will fight and die for western interests in any part of the world. THE NEW YORK TIMES wrote on February 17, 1991:
Meanwhile, the Central Intelligence Agency, in a long policy dispute with the state department that it now appears to be winning, has been arguing that negotiations can not end the war and the Washington should step up its efforts to help the guerrillas win a military victory. The agency says such a policy would help contain Soviet and Iranian influence, further warm relations with Saudi Arabia, and insure close ties to the Pakistani intelligence service.
Pakistan and Gulbedeen Hekmatyar always rejected , any peace plan until the US totally backed off form any support. This war was fought for international imperialist interests under the banner of Jihad. On the other hand, THE NEW YORK TIMES wrote in the same article:
`We no longer saw Afghanistan as the Soviet thrust for a warm-water port in the Persian Gulf or as a beach head for a closed alliance with Iran,` said a State Department Official. `We were playing out an old grudge without really knowing why we got in there in the first place`.
With such weaknesses in the ISI sponsored war, the Mujahedeen could not win any victory in Kabul even after the Soviet Union died its own death.
Now the CIA has far better access to the internal Soviet Union. Due to the fascist rule in the former Soviet Union, there are thousands of CIA operatives allegedly working inside the ex-Soviet Union. But the present power struggle among different groups in the former soviet Union shows that the Russians are far weaker to pose any regional threat where Pakistan and ISI can help the west. Furthermore the Pakistan Army is of no use anymore since the US has to protect the oil rich Sheikhs from the regional threats. That is the main reason that the US stopped aid to Pakistan altogether.
But the ruling class, which includes feudal lords, capitalists, reactionary parties like Jamaat-e-Islami and the Moslem League and army still hope that the old US-Soviet rivalry will return and they will be rehired to protect the western interests in the region. When there was a coup in Moscow on August 18,1991, the ruling class in Pakistan became mad with joy. A US diplomat in the US embassy said: ``Pakistanis are unnecessarily overexcited the coup news `` His message was, ``NO MORE MERCENARIES FOR THE TIME BEING. `` It is unfortunate that the Pakistan ruling class has degraded its status so much that it is now referred to as an example the world over. THE SOUTH END, a student newspaper reported about a Pakistani delegation headed by the Chief Minister of Punjab, Mr. Wyne:
The Pakistani delegation included Shahid Malik, Political Minister from Pakistan Embassy and one of the forces behind the PAA, who explained why a Pakistani delegation came to the United States for the festivities.
``The delegation will go all over the country on a good will tour. It is a way for us to show what it like top be a Pakistani. The object (of the tour) is to give the American community a chance to come and see what we are all about. We are staunchly anti¬communist and we want the Americans to see what we have done for their country`...[47]

General Ayub Khan rejected any form of discussion and led the country into a civil war. Finally he resigned and was replaced by another robber - General Yahya Khan on March 25, 1969. General Yahya Khan did not honor the verdict of the popular election in which East Pakistan clearly demanded justice. Instead the army resorted to barbaric measures. Sheik Mujibur Rahman, the rebellious leader in East Pakistan, said there was ``little time for us to live as brothers if things are settled peacefully.`` Sheikh was a good agitator but without anything else. General Yahya outlawed Sheik`s party, the Awami Leagu, placed a ban on political activities throughout Pakistan and imposed complete censorship on March 26, 1971.
The Pakistan Army started crushing any protest the same day. The Pakistan Air Forced (PAF) bombed Dacca, Comilla, Khulna, and Dacca University on March 27, 1971. As usual, the rulers denied bombing. But two journalists, Mr. Simon Dring of THE DAILY TELEGRAPH and Mr. Michel Laurent, an Associated Press photographer, described Dacca as ``a crushed and frightened city after 24 hours of shelling by the Pakistan Army `` and told that as many as 7,000 people died and and whole areas had been levelled. The army did not only enforce strict censorship but also it lied as usual. By mid June 1971, about 6 million people crossed the border to India. Butchering their own people .
The butchering of the Bengalis started under the command of General Tikka Khan. Yahya Khan appointed him because, like Yahya, Tikka Khan was also a womanizer and drinker. He never showed any consideration in slaughtering his own people. In fact he was known as ``the butcher of Baluchistan`` because he had totally eliminated a rebellious Baluchi tribe in 1965. He was commanding the army corps that was ordered to butcher every living being, destroy all the villages, forts and strongholds. He, like other mercenaries, never respected humanity and like his British masters, said, ``I don`t care about people. I. care about land``.
Meanwhile the different wings of the mercenary army could not hold the army together anymore and the East Bengal Regiment and the East Pakistan Rifles joined in a guerilla movement under Mukti Bahani, formerly known as Mukti Fouj. From August 1971, the refugees told horrible stories of the atrocities committed by the Pakistan Army and the Razakars (Moslem League and Jamaat-e-Islami). There were terrifying stories of rape, killing, demolishing houses and looting properties. The Pakistan Army did not accept these crimes at that time.
General Rao Farman Ali was commander of all forces in Dacca. After surrender, a sheet of paper in his hand writing was found in his desk drawer. It said, ``The green of East Pakistan must be painted red.`` By red he means drowned in the Bengalis` blood. He was known as ultra fanatical - a master in exploiting the religious zealots. One of his tasks in Dacca was to recruit private mercenaries to assist the army in slaughtering people. He founded two organizations mainly consisting on students from the university. These were secret societies known as Al-Badar and Al-Shams. The main cadre were drawn from Jamaat-e-Islami, the Moslem League, and the Bahiri community.
The tasks of these secret societies were to compile lists of professors, students and other intellectuals who were to he massacred. They assisted in massacring thousands of intellectuals. The lists also contained the names of professionals who could help build an independent Bangladesh. Armed by Pakistan Army weapon, they mainly butchered the political activists, professors and professionals. After the surrender, the death lists were found. One such is reprinted from MASSACRE here.
Jamaat-e-Islami and its student wing organization, Islami Jamiat-e-Talaba, are the darlings of the imperialists. These organizations use religious hatred to serve the interests of their masters. The United States carried out a detailed study of all countries and then developed its strategy to counter the opponents: Under `area handbook series: a country study, Pakistan has also been studied. It discusses Jamaat-e-Islami: Islamization is intended to bridge the difficulties between the provinces, but as of late 1983 it had not dampened the order of the provincial leaders or their followers. Even Islamic parties are no guarantee of political integration. The Jamaat-i-Islami remained vibrant but less successful since the death of its founder, Maulana Abul Ala Maududi. Zia`s implicit backing of the Jamaat-i-Islami did not establish the party as a political catalyst for the integration of the nation. The Jamaat has been painstaking in recruiting followers, but its central purpose has been the rebuilding of the cadres, not the assembly of a national following. Nevertheless, Jamaat has been instrumental in challenging Marxist activity in the colleges and universities. Thus, it seems more suited for a role countering leftist subversion within the intellectual communities. In the long run, however, the leftists may have more substantial success in attracting the attention of the alienated and materially deprived masses.[31]
During the U.S. - Soviet cold war era, Jamaat served this imperi alist objective very faithfully. The future is different. There is best a possibility that in the changed situation, the U.S. can benefit from Jamaat by using them for other criminal activities against Shiities and other Anti-U.S. elements in Pakistan. Jamaat must maintain an elusive anti¬west outer look to serve the western interests effectively. Because, without foreign aid, Jamaat will be in trouble except a marginal help from the Pakistan Army.
India, which was wishing and waiting for an opportunity to break Pakistan, planned a coordinated attack on the embittered Pakistan Army. Before it, PAF made surprise attacks on an Indian airfield in the western sector on December 3, 1971. According to Keesing`s Research Report: Western journalists who visited Jessore described the tumultuous welcome which the Indian forces received from the Bengali population, and gave details of the ordeal to which the civilian population in the town, had been subjected since April. An Italian missionary told reporters that during the week April 4-10 the streets and houses had been full of bodies of residents executed in batches by soldiers and Razakars, and estimated that 10,000 people had been executed in and around Jessore, which normally has a population of about 60,000. Over half the population, including almost all the women, had fled to the countryside or to India during the occupation by the Pakistan Army; the Hindu community had disappeared, and many of the houses in the empty Hindu quarter had been demolished. [32]
Who were these Razakars collaborating with the army in this genocide. Hamza Alavi gives a brief account:
The Jamaat (Jamaat-i-Islami) receives generous donations from big businessmen and landlords as is believed to be a recipient of generous donations from the Americans and from potentates in the Middle East..... There is also a third element in the part, namely armed thugs, an element that was reinforced by the repatriation from East Pakistan of members of Al-Badar and AI-Shams, its fascist paramilitary organizations, after the liberation of Bangladesh. They go about beating up opponents and breaking-up meetings. These elements are especially associated with the Islami-Jamiat-e-Tulaba, the student organization of the Jamaat, which maintains an armed presence on university campuses.[33]
The Behari people were affiliated on a wide scale with the Muslim League and Jamaat and provided the rest of the armed thugs that collaborated in the genocide. Today these are the essential supporters of the mercenary army in Pakistan.
Surrender
General Sam Manekshaw, the Indian army Chief of Staff, gave an ultimatum to the Pakistan Army in East Pakistan to surrender on December 7, 1971, and said, ``the Mukti Bahini and the people fighting for liberation have encircled you, and are all prepared to take revenge for the atrocities and cruelties you have committed.``
Like any bourgeoisie opportunists, the ruling class started running away from the subordinates at the time of hardship. Dr. A. M. Malik, Governor of East Pakistan, tendered his resignation to General Yahya Khan on December 14, 1971. Then he, with his family and ministers, joined 16 other senior officials, including the Inspector-General of police in a refuge in the Intercontinental Hotel at Dacca.
By December 15, 1971, on one side General A. A. K. Niazi proclaimed in press conferences That Indian Tanks would roll over his chest before entering Dacca and on the other side he begged mercy from General Manekshaw. He was proposing a cease-fire through the U.S. Consulate in Dacca and the U.S. Embassy in New Dehli. In fact, he asked for ``facilities for regrouping his forces with their weapons in designated areas pending their repatriation to West Pakistan, a guarantee of safety for the paramilitary forces, and for all those who had settled in East Pakistan since 1947, and an assurance that there would be no reprisals against those who

had collaborated with the martial law authorities.`` This he was seeking on his own, without the approval of General Yahya Khan. .
Later, he lied that he was simply following G.H.Q. orders in surrendering the weapons. On the other hand, General Manekshaw insisted on the unconditional surrendering of the Pakistani forces. Finally General Niazi requested a six hour extension of the bombing pause and an Indian staff officer to negotiate the terms of surrender. Since communication at Niazi`s headquarters was put out of action by the Indian bombing, he managed to use the U.N. radio facility just ten minutes before the expiration of General Manekshaw`s ultimatum. Finally, Major General J.F.R. Jacob, Chief of staff of the Eastern Command of the Indian Army arrived to finalize the surrender conditions. Keesing research report noted that:
An Indian Battalion had already entered Dacca unopposed during the morning, and was joined in the afternoon by four more, including two battalions of the Mukti Bahini; they were greeted in the streets by thousands of jubilant Bengalis, who hugged and kissed the soldiers and garlanded with flowers.[32] CHALLENGE reported that:
The signed surrender documents were presented to General Jagjit Singh Aurora, Commander-in-Chief of the Indian East Command, on the Dahka racerack. Indian troops held back cheering civilians. Before General Niazi handed over his pistol to General Aurora, a janitor dipped a worn -out shoe in urine and beat Niazi in the head with it.[34]

Payne writes in Massacre that:
The end came at 4:31 p.m. on December 17, 1971 when General Niazi signed the instrument of surrender on the racecourse at Dacca, where Sheikh Mujib-ur-Rahman had spoken nine months earlier. He tore off his epaulettes and presented to the Indian General Jagjit Sing Aurora, and then handed over his revolver. Finally he pressed his forehead against the forehead of the Indian general`s in the ancient oriental token of submission, which is also a plea for mercy. It was strange that he should plead for mercy, for he had never shown mercy to anyone in the past. [42)
Because of the fear of the Bengali masses, the Indian Army provided a full protection to its sister army after surrender. General Niazi and General Rao Farman Ali Khan were taken to India on December 20, 1971, and the first group of 6309 prisoners of war were transferred to India on December 28, 1971.
Keesing`s report recorded the situation in Dacca after the Pakistan Army`s surrender as:
The city of Dacca was in a state of virtual anarchy after the surrender of the Pakistan Army, elements of the Mukti Bahini using the opportunity to take revenge on ``collaborators`` and especially on the Razakars. Violence was provoked largely by massacres reported to have been carried out by the soldiers and the Razakars from March 1971 to the time of surrender. The mutilated bodies of 20 leading Bengali intellectuals were found on December 18, 1971 and over 100 more in the next three days, . subsequent investigation establishing that a massacre of intellectuals, technicians and professional men had taken place during the last stage of the war. Evidence of the other massacres, involving many thousand of people, was discovered during the next few weeks. [43]
But the generals on the western front still kept trying to fool the people. General Yahya admitted the defeat in East Pakistan on December 16,1971 but did not mention the truth of the Pakistan Army`s surrender. He declared:
We will continue to fight the enemy on every front, and also continue our efforts to form a representative Government in the country, which the enemy, by launching an attack, tried to set aside. According to the programme, the constitution will be announced on December 20, 1971. This guarantees the maximum autonomy to East Pakistan on the basis of one Pakistan, for whose establishment and protection the People of the both wings of the country sacrificed so much. A central Government will be formed after This, and subsequently provincial governments will come into being...
The robber junta of military officers was telling lies on such a gigantic scale and the oppressed people had no way to spit in the faces of these liars.
The degenerative and corrupt Pakistani Army was loosing its ground in the western sector rapidly. Indra Ghandi, after achieving her objective in Bangladesh, ordered an initial cease-fire on the western sector. Violent demonstrations against the military regime broke out in Pakistan on December 18, 1971. Yahya Khan resigned and Z. A. Bhutto was sworn in as president on December 20, 1971.
On the western sector, the Pakistan Army lost 5,139 square miles of Pakistani territory in the Punjab and Sind to Indian forces. On the other hand India lost only 69 square miles in Rajistan and Punjab. The biggest blow was in Kashmir where India won 480 square miles of territory west and north of Poonch which they never returned. Pakistan managed to capture only 52 square miles in Chhamb sector. According to different reports (Pyne in Massacre, UN data, The New York Times June 14, 1991, etc) Pakistan Army butchered about three million Bengalis in less than a year and over a half million women were raped during 1971. Billion of rupees were stolen from the banks, in addition to it, the personal belongings and the national treasury were robbed without any hesitation. All these crimes were the result of dirty game played by the Pakistan Armed Forces officers` class.
It took only six years for the generals to recover from that shameful defeat. They never won any war except conquering Islamabad over and over again. They never added a single inch of land in Pakistan`s geography: rather they lost a whole part of the country. But on the other hand they conquered a lot of fertile land in Sind and Punjab and became landlords in addition to their robbery through the armed forces.
Bhuttoism - Servant family of imperialism
A new drama started with Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto`s six year cunning rule in Pakistan under different titles. His father, Shah Nawaz Bhutto, was Prime Minister of Junagadh before the partition. The Nawab of Junagadh wanted to Join Pakistan and he arrived in Pakistan after the partition, but Shah Nawaz Bhutto, along with his state council, decided to accede to India. That provided a good pretext to India to grab that part of the country. He was considered a careerist in the British Indian Civil Service. The British gave him the title Sir. Due to the British subjugation of the Indian subcontinent and a rising nationalist movement, a campaign was launched to surrender the British titles. Shah Nawaz Bhutto never responded to such calls and remained proud to hold British title ``sir``.
Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto was the byproduct of such an environment and integrated early with the feudal system. Z. A: Bhutto married at the age of 12 to a bride who was only 8 years old. Due to the blessing of stolen wealth and concessions of the British masters to his family, he went to the west for his higher education and then opted to be part and parcel of the military dictatorship under General Ayub Khan.
Being a feudal lord blessed by the British masters, Bhutto had to challenge the growing influence of the capitalist class in Pakistani society. Under Ayub`s dictatorship, major industrial bases and power plants were built. This infrastructure included mechanical, machine tools, civil and military industrial complexes in addition to proposed electrical and instrumentation industries. Construction of various dams provided energy that is a must for a capitalist foundation. An advanced agriculture system demanded mechanized methods to boost productivity. All this development necessarily translated into an entrance into a capitalist era that would kick the feudal lords out of the ruling gang.
Bhutto was fully supported by the military generals opposed to Ayub`s authority. These officers knew that capitalism means bourgeois democracy and that means problems to the military`s absolute control over robbery. Bhutto exploited the problems of the society. He was also well aware of the changes in the geopolitical situation where communists were successfully routing imperialism out of its dens. He raised the slogan of socialism, a popular one in those days, and helped the CIA to defeat any communist movement in the region.
In fact there was no imminent danger of the communist overthrow in Pakistan because of communist parties` vague political line and an inadequacy of their understanding of historical materialism. But still it worthwhile to the CIA to push any such risk that can challenge the capitalist misery.
Bhutto, being a feudal lord, easily rose against the capitalist idea and won a sweeping victory. Without losing anything he grabbed the power that was the result of military defeat and popular slogans. He climbed to his throne by riding on the shoulders of workers, students and peasants. Soon after, he started stabbing them in the back. He strengthened the tyrant rule and introduced filthy, promiscuous and degrading slogans and attitudes into politics. He died as he lived. But worse came after him in the form of another imperialist watchdog - CIA-uI-Haq.
The CIA-uI-Haq story - Reeves writes:
Zia was our guy. The chief Martial Law Administrator was pursuing the American agenda as well as he could in that part of the world. ``We``, Mohammad Zia-ul-Haq and the Americans, were trying to find a structure of government out there that ``they``, the few dissidents and the many of the illiterate masses, would accept as democracy .... [44] Zia effectively slowed down the country`s nuclear program and speeded up efforts toward reconciliation with India under the direction of the U.S. Ambassador, Mr. Spiers. He offered a ``No War Agreement` to India which was rejected. He also made a surprise visit to India to watch a cricket game.
This was directed by The CIA since India was likely to put pressure on Pakistan to stop Pakistan`s support for the CIA backed Mujahedeen in Afghanistan. General Ayub Khan had also offered a `Joint Defense Pact` to India that was also rejected. The joint defense pact was also a U.S. creation. The U.S. wanted Pakistan and India to join forces to stop the Chinese and the Soviet influence in the region.
But, was the U.S. considering ZIA as an honest and pious Muslim who was dedicated to the uplift of Islam?
Reeves writes:
Zia-ul-Haq, with perception more influenced by Machavelli than Muhammad, understood that the more things Pakistanis knew the worse things were going to be for the military. Mass illiteracy served the purpose of our friend - preservation of the status quo of the masses - and the United States seemed quite comfortable in going along with that.[45]

He further writes:
We knew what`s going on here. This is a police state. Our charming friend is a thug. Maybe we do have to play ball with people like him, but we don`t have to like it. This is what we`re supposed to be against. [46]
When the Soviet and the U.S. concluded an agreement over Afghanistan in Geneva, the CIA watchdog became a liability for the U.S. in the region. Unlike Noreiga, he was put to sleep in a ``mysterious military airplane crash`` that was guarded and controlled by the CIA trained ISI.
General Zia was born in Jullundur on August 12, 1924. He moved to Pakistan after the partition. Along with hi, he brought hatred, religious fanaticism and objectiveness that he inherited due to Hindu-Muslim genocide as a result of the division. He was taken to the United States in 1963 where he attended General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. This was the time he effectively entered, into the rank and file of the CIA forces that he faithfully served for the next twenty five years. He was appointed as an advisor to the Royal Army of King Hussain from 1969 to 1971. King Hussain of Jordan was also on the CIA pay role at that time. Zia is a hero of the notorious event of ``Black September`` of 1970 when the PLO was routed out of Jordan. This was a great service to the Zionist state of Israel.
Zia brutally suppressed his opponents. According to the estimates of international organizations he directed two thousands political executions in 1979 alone. The international human rights group also Asserted that it had received reports of a rising number of executions - twenty in December 1982 alone - which were not being publicly announced. A number of students were killed when the army opened fire on their buses in Sind in April 1984. Christine Lamb in THE FINANCIAL TIMES on December 9, 1989 wrote:
Lala says they felt guilty later when Bhutto was hanged by his successor, General Zia-ul-Haque. ``He was a Sindhi, and Sindhis have always been oppressed by the majority Punjabi population, who fill the civil service and army and police. Some of us tried to make amends in 1983 when we joined the movement to protest against martial law but, as usual, the rest of the country did not support Sind. The , army came in tanks. They stole cattle and raped women and shot those demanding their rights. They rounded up thousands.
Under his tyrannical rule, there was no such thing as human rights, privacy and law and order. He effectively destroyed political ideological parties and promoted ethnic and regional forces which are a precursor to civil war and the annihilation of a country.
He was not the only partner under the CIA. He was duly supported by the oil rich Sheikhs of the Middle East and former Razakars of the East Pakistan - Jamaat-e-Islami and Moslem League. Saudi rulers worked closely with the CIA to manipulate so-called Islamic scholars and regularly paid them million of dollars in wages to build anti-communist parties.
The CIA mainly compiled anti-communist literature, under Islamic names, and helped market them throughout the world. In the Middle East, one Such fanatic group is known as Akhwan-e-Muslimeen. On the subcontinent, they are mainly the disciples of a famous CIA tout, Mullah Maududi. He and his successor in Jamaat-e-Islami, Mian Tufail Mohammad, were awarded the Shah Faisal award of Saudi Arabia for the services they rendered to American imperialism. All these reactionary groups worked together with the reactionary Zionist movement against communism. Their main hidden slogan is ``believers should unite against communism.``

Army-Saudi-U.S axis
Now that the Soviet threat is gone, a new dimension in international relations will be marked. Now, the question for the west is who poses a threat to their cheap oil supply. This new threat will become the new target of all the arsenals that imperialism controls. Formally, the Saudi rulers were propagating the message of Islamic brotherhood. The purpose of all this ``brotherhood`` was to defeat the Soviet led movement. The Saudis did not establish diplomatic relations with the USSR since it was an atheist state. After Gorbachev relaxed its policy, the same God loving Saudis granted billion of dollars to the Soviet Union. On the other side, since ``the west is religious``; these Shiekhs have very close relations with them. Is Saudi led Islam really some code of belief or is it a mockery to serve the interests of the west. The Saudis sponsor Islam to protect The interests of western imperialism. Nothing short of this is Islam in their eyes.
When the west decided to intimidate its opponents by beating Iraq in 1991, the chief mullah of the Islamic world issued a fatwa in favour of the USA. THE NEW YORK TIMES reported on January 20, 1991:
The `fatwa` or holy war, was issued by Sheikh Abdulaziz bin Abdulla bin Baz, the head of the council of ulema, Saudi Arabia`s most senior Islamic authority. It was written at the beginning of the coalitions offensive against Iraq, and published on Friday in a special edition of al-Muslimoon, the most popular Islamic weekly newspaper. Copies of the decree were posted today in several mosques across Riyadh.
The fatwa blesses not only a11 Muslims participating in the war to evict Iraqi forces from Kuwait, but non¬Muslims as well, a highly unusual event. It calls the Iraqi leader ``the enemy of God,`` a strong condemnation in Islamic terms.
``The fatwa removes any doubt about the religious justification for asking non-Muslims to help this country attack another Muslim country,`` said a religious scholar, who spoke on condition that he not` be identified.
The decree also provides religious and political support for King Fahd, known as the ``custodian of the Two Holy Mosques`` in Mecca and Medina. The Saudi King touched off a passionate debate in Islamic circles in August by requesting the help of American and other non-Muslims forces in defending the kingdom.
Well Saudi Sheikh AI-Baz is not a Kuwati citizen. If he can issue a fatwa for another ``Islamic country``, like Kuwait, he could equally be able to issue fatwas for Palestine, Syria, Lebanon ,and Jordon which are occupied by Zionist Israel. Again, if he knows that Iraq was the aggressor why didn`t he and other Saudi Sheikhs not issue fatwas against Sadam when he invaded Iran? In fact, such Islamic fatwas are to protect their owners` interests - the interests of imperialism. History is littered with such fatwas.
A Saudi mullah issued a fatwa earlier in August that promised paradise to those Christians, Muslims and atheists who were going to participate in this Jihad in the life after death. This was a new source of fun for the west. They enjoyed the fooling of Muslims by their mullah agents.
In fact, the Holy Mosques are under imperialism control. Unfortunately, these Holy places have become the sources of ignorance and oppression for Muslims throughout the world. TIME magazine wrote about the custodian of the holy places on. September 24, 1990:
One time playboy King Fahd tries to mingle modernity and feudalism
One was a sybarite who virtually abandoned his desert kingdom for a career of overseas carousing. He drank Scotch freely, ordered caviar by the pound, attended the raunchy shows in the neighbors of Beirut so frequently that he knew all the leading belly dancers by name, engaged in myraid liaisons with women (he is said to have paid the wife of a Lebanese businessman $100,000 a year to make herself available) and, if old stories are to be believed, gambled away $ 1 million in the casinos of Monte Carlo during a Single weekend.
...They are, strangely, the same person Fahd Ibn Abdul Aziz, King of Saudi Arabia and Custodian (of the holy places of Mecca and Medina), a form of address he prefers to your Majesty.
...Fahd`s personal wealth, built on a fee levied on every barrel of oil extracted from Saudi land before 1980, is estimated at $18 billion, second only to the wealth of the Sultan of Brunei ($25 billion). He boasts at least 12 royal palaces, raging from the $2.5 billion Al-Yamamah Palace Complex in Riyadh to a ``cottage`` four times the size of the White House in , Marbella, Spain. He owns several jets and yachts, all with gold bath room faucets; his main yacht, a $60 million craft, is escorted by a vessel that carries Stinger antiaircraft missiles. His fleet of air¬conditioned Rolls-Royces, Cadillacs, and Mercedes would clog Rodeo Drive.
Though Fahd`s views are tinged with superstition - he follows the advice of astrologers - he keeps the Koran at his bedside. He suffers from diabetes, back trouble, a weakness of the heart and shortness of breath, but still chain smokes Marlboros. He has tried repeatedly, with varying success, to lose weight by methods ranging from diets to occasional visits to a Swiss fat farm.
...Though his attentions are confined to his wives (he reportedly has three, and six sons), he still has an eye for women. Fahd was so smitten with Britain`s Margaret Thatcher when he met her in 1975 that he is said to have ordered his court poet to compose an ode to her. An excerpt, as pointed in a London tabloid: ``Her figure is more attractive than the figure of any cherished wife/or coveted concubine.
The U.S. had been involved in resisting communist uprising in different parts of the world. The Shah of Iran, with good ties with Israel, was ever ready to block the Soviet movement toward the Gulf oil fields. The Sheiks, on the other side, were doing a good business when suddenly Soviet conspired coup took place in Afghanistan.
The invasion by the Red Army into Afghanistan and overthrow of the Shah totally changed the geopolitical situation of the region. This was sufficient for the Pakistani people to realize that they may be the next target of the Soveit Union. There had been 500 invasions of India since 1500 B.C. America desperately needed a mercenary force to fight Russians in Afghanistan at that time. The new Iranian ,government had its own intentions that could not immediately serve the U.S. interests. But the U.S. had a wealth of assets in the form of military and civilian officers and collaborators in Pakistan. General CIA-uI-Haque wanted U.S. to get involve in this conflict that would prolong his stay in power, bring dollars to his gang, open channel for international trafficking and divert peoples attentions from internal destructive crises due to the curses of the officers. By mid eighties, the U.S. had the biggest CIA headquarter in Pakistan outside the U.S.. It had more than 300 full time operatives in Islamabadalone. An extension of the CIA was incorporated into the Pakistan Army under the name of ISI (Inter Services Intelligence). Eric A Vas writes in his research paper:
Let us end where we began: with history. For the past thirty-seven years, South Asia has ``invited conquest.`` In the Indian occasion, where once the Portuguese, Dutch, French and British navies fought for the prize of the Indian Subncontinent, today the navies of the superpowers weigh anchors. This time the ``conquest`` of the subcontinent will not manifest itself by a foreign occupation of the region. We should stop flattering ourselves that either of the two superpowers are interested in occupying any portion of South Asia; their strategic interests in the region are peripherals. Where once British, French, Portuguese, and Dutch armies roamed, today the K.G.B, C.I.A. and other intelligence agencies silently operate. Their aim is to safeguard their national interests. By itself this is a legitimate aim, but in the process, young nations can be subverted. Moreover, the presence of powerful foreign influences has a freezing effect on the natural evolution of developing countries. A continued confrontation between the nations on South Asia is a self-inflicted injury which results in a requirements of arms. Today, the great powers are still busy selling arms to the warring factions of South Asia very much as once the British, French, Portuguese, and the Dutch did; arms sale can be a twentieth century form of slavery which could lead to a new type of dependency, where nations become pawns in the struggle between the superpowers. [35 J

The extent of the U.S. control over Pakistan can be ! seen in a NEW YORK TIMES report. The New York Times published the profile of former Pakistani Ambassador to the U.S.A. Jamsheed K.A. Marker, on September 1, 1988. In it, THE NEW YORK TIMES wrote:
Mr. Marker said he talks to the State Department officials ``almost every working day`` and meets at least twice a week with officials from the State Department, the Pentagon, the National Security Council or the Central Intelligence. ``Our relationship has never been closer``, he said. Unlike most Pakistanis, Mr. Marker is not a Moslem, but a Parsee, a member of a Zoroastrian sect descended from refugees who fled Persia centuries ago. His family, like many Parsees, was active in business and commerce, and before he became Ambassador, Mr. Marker worked in family¬ owned shipping and pharmaceutical companies in Baluchistan`` Since Islam has been exploited as a favorite tool to counter Soviet union, Mr. Marker, a parsee, justifies Pakistan`s involvement in Afghanistan. ``We did what we did as a matter of principle, to prevent a superpower from behaving in such a manner - and , even more important, as a matter of Islamic brotherhood.`

Christina Lamb of THE FINANCIAL TIMES on December 9, 1989 writes in her article:
Right at the other end of Pakistan, deep in the tribal areas near the border with Afghanistan, meat juices are dripping down the fleshy chin of an Afridi chief. He is considering putting up a picture of Benazir. To his surprise, he has been very pleased by the new government. His money comes from drugs - the chief is one of the world`s biggest producer of high-grade heroin - and , hedging his bets, he once funded politicians on all sides of the political spectrum. Now, he is more powerful than they.
``When [Benazir] became prime minister, she launched a big campaign against the drug barons. We had an emergency meeting and sent out warnings - a bushiness associate of the Prime Minister`s husband was abducted and several narcotics officials killed. One of our member gave himself up and, for a while, we thought he might name names; but the appropriate threats went out and he was released through lack of evidence. Laughable, really, after the Government crowed that they had captured the king-pin of the heroin trade. ``
The Chief adds: ``of course, it helped that the military intelligence and the CIA were in on it.`` It is a common allegation, which shows the widespread disillusion with the west. He explains that they needed the co-operation of the tribal chiefs to run their operations in Afghanistan, while the tribes needed the army trucks to transport the heroin to Karachi. ``A healthy symbiotic relationship``, says the chief. ``But its funny that the CIA are using the very people the [U.S.] State Departments are trying to stop.
All these Western aid projects have helped opium poppy production in Afghanistan and the Americans have produced a new incentive - offering bribes to those who destroy their crops. They don’t learn. They tried that in Pakistan and production went up. ``The tribes are, however, getting a little fed-up with the Mujahedeen blocking the road to Afghanistan, so stopping smuggling. ``As long as the Government don`t interfere, we can get on with running things``, says the chief, downing Russian champagne.
The son of ex-goverrnor of the North West Frontier Province (NWFP) was sent to jail in New York for smuggling heroin.

plain of Chuch. Sikh forces conducted a massacre of opponents in the conquered areas. Ranjit led a campaign to invade Kashmir in June 1814. That time Kashmir was occupied by Afghans. He was defeated by the Afghans at Sopiyan. His first campaign under Dewan Mukham Chand and Fateh Khan had also failed earlier. The Unquenchable desire to subjugate Kashmir forced Ranjit to launch a third expedition into Kashmir in 1819. This time he succeeded in snatching Kashmir from Zabbar Khan.
Sikh-Pathan enmity continued in coming years. Sikh forces defeated Afghans at Nowshera in 1823 and Sikhs extended their empire to Peshawar in 1834. The war between Sikhs and Pathans continued in one way or the other. At the beginning of 1835, Dost Mohammad succeeded in routing out Sikhs from Peshawar. Afghans once again gained confidence, Ranjit Singh died in 1839. Then started a short era of Sikh¬ British wars in 1845. Although the Sikh army was much larger than the British Company`s Army, they had a lot of traitors who were working for British masters. Also the Sikh Army was not as organized as their counterpart. The British forces were only 30 miles form Lahore when Sikhs signed a treaty with British at Kasur on March 9, 1846. The British wanted an end to the Sikh empire that they considered a necessary condition to secure the North West Frontier regions to counter possible Russian invasion. The treaty between Sikhs and East India Company is historically not respectable because any action under the direction of a -foreign invader is directed to enslave the natives into chains. According to this treaty the area between the river Beas and Sutlej comprising Jullunder, Hoshiarpur, and Kangra (with an area of about 11,000 square miles) was given to co